A moisture sensing system for a refrigerant flow of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system includes a moisture sensor including a color change material sample located in a refrigerant flow of the HVAC system. The color change material sample configured to change color as an indication of a moisture level of the refrigerant flow. A color sensor is in optical communication with the moisture sensor and is configured to sense a color of the color change material and communicate the sensed color to an HVAC system controller. A method of operating an HVAC system includes exposing a condensing a color change material sample to a flow of refrigerant and sensing a color of the color change material via a color sensor. The color is indicative of a moisture level of the flow of refrigerant. The sensed color is communicated to an HVAC system controller.

A moisture sensing system for a refrigerant flow of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system includes a moisture sensor including a color change material sample located in a refrigerant flow of the HVAC system. The color change material sample configured to change color as an indication of a moisture level of the refrigerant flow. A color sensor is in optical communication with the moisture sensor and is configured to sense a color of the color change material and communicate the sensed color to an HVAC system controller. A method of operating an HVAC system includes exposing a condensing a color change material sample to a flow of refrigerant and sensing a color of the color change material via a color sensor. The color is indicative of a moisture level of the flow of refrigerant. The sensed color is communicated to an HVAC system controller.

The present inventive concept relates to a battery-free gas sensor or humidity sensor comprising a metal-organic framework and a method of manufacturing the same. In a photodiode-type battery-free gas sensor or humidity sensor according to the present inventive concept, since photoelectron collection electrodes are formed at certain intervals between P-N junction layers, when gas is adsorbed thereon, the gas can be detected without an extra power source by change of photocurrent. Due to fine pores of the metal-organic framework, gas sensitivity may be increased and stability of catalysts may be improved. When catalysts are not provided, humidity may be detected. Therefore, a system that used the photodiode-type battery-free gas sensor and the photodiode-type battery-free humidity sensor together may be performed humidity correction to accurately measure an amount of a gas.

A diaper, having urine detection functionalities, comprises a urine isolation layer, an absorbent core layer and an outer layer. A urine detection device is disposed in between the urine isolation layer and the absorbent core layer. The urine isolation layer has an open end embedded in a sleeve of the absorbent core layer. The urine detection device comprises a detection circuit and a test paper composite. The test paper composite includes: a trace element test paper, an antibiotic test paper and a urine routine test paper. Each test paper is made up of test strips for detecting different elements. Each test strip produces results according to a different color indicator scheme. The antibiotic test paper includes a specimen absorption pad, a specimen binding pad, a reaction membrane, and an absorbent pad. An antibiotic detection method is provided.

A diaper, having urine detection functionalities, comprises a urine isolation layer, an absorbent core layer and an outer layer. A urine detection device is disposed in between the urine isolation layer and the absorbent core layer. The urine isolation layer has an open end embedded in a sleeve of the absorbent core layer. The urine detection device comprises a detection circuit and a test paper composite. The test paper composite includes: a trace element test paper, an antibiotic test paper and a urine routine test paper. Each test paper is made up of test strips for detecting different elements. Each test strip produces results according to a different color indicator scheme. The antibiotic test paper includes a specimen absorption pad, a specimen binding pad, a reaction membrane, and an absorbent pad. An antibiotic detection method is provided.

The present invention relates to an electrode drying apparatus and an electrode drying method, and the electrode drying apparatus includes: an oven configured to provide a space in which the electrode is dried and to include a hot air nozzle or an infrared heater; a color coordinate measuring unit configured to be positioned at an outlet of the oven and measure a color coordinate value of an electrode active material layer with respect to the dried electrode; and a controller configured to analyze a drying result of the electrode from the color coordinate value, determine whether the electrode is defective in drying, and control a drying condition of the electrode.

The present invention relates to a method for in situ sensing of water stress in a plant by contacting a plant with a biosensor, where the biosensor comprises a material capable of giving a detectable response to changes in local water potential in the plant and detecting the detectable response thereby sensing water stress in the plant. The invention further relates to a method for determining water potential in a substance, a biosensor, a system for determining water potential in a substance, a method for determining water potential in a substance, a water potential measurement computing device, and a non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions for determining water potential in a substance.

Methods and apparatus for a desiccant saturation monitoring system having a body with a first portion configured to hold a desiccant material and a second portion configured to position a sensor in relation to the desiccant material. A light source can irradiate the desiccant material and the sensor can detect irradiance from the desiccant material for at least one wavelength to determine saturation information for the desiccant material.

There is provided detecting modification of optically active cellulose-based film. A method comprises split refracting or split reflecting light received by a surface pattern of an optically active cellulose-based film into a plurality of output light patterns, wherein an output light pattern is determined from the plurality of output light patterns on the basis of a modification applied to the optically active cellulose-based film.

There is provided detecting modification of optically active cellulose-based film. A method comprises split refracting or split reflecting light received by a surface pattern of an optically active cellulose-based film into a plurality of output light patterns, wherein an output light pattern is determined from the plurality of output light patterns on the basis of a modification applied to the optically active cellulose-based film.