The subject invention pertains to a suction-controllable triaxial test system and a method for studying the micro-hydro-mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils through the visualization of the in-situ evolution of three-dimensional (3D) microstructure upon triaxial loading in a ((p-u.sub.a), q, s) space. The triaxial apparatus can be small enough to be operated within a micro-focus or nano-focus X-ray CT scanner. Internal characteristics and 3D movements of soil particles and the water and air in soil pores can be visualized during in-situ controllable hydro-mechanical loading processes without disturbing the soil sample. The evolution of 3D micro-structure of unsaturated soil samples of varying matric suction can be directly related with their element-scale behavior for conducting cross-scale fundamental studies.

A split-type device for measuring rock mass deformation under high hydraulic pressure and a construction method and use thereof. Main components of the device include a metal measuring rod, a magnetic iron core, a shell, a waterproof coil framework, a coil, a tail accessory, a cable clamp, a cable, a signal processing bin, etc. Main electronic components are treated by adopting the all-metal shell and a vacuum particle sealing double-layer sealing process, and have hydraulic pressure resistance of 5 MPa or above. Measurement signals feature centralized processing, digitization and dual utilization of signals, i.e., after data of a plurality of sensors is processed in an electronic bin and then digitized signals are connected to an independent reader outside the bin or a centralized acquisition device for in-situ tests.

An apparatus for providing pressure to a sample. The apparatus comprises a housing having a cavity, an elastomer within the cavity, and a means for providing pressure to the elastomer within the cavity. The housing and the elastomer are configured to allow a sample to be inserted into the cavity, such that the sample is surrounded by the elastomer and such that the elastomer and the sample together fill the cavity.

The present disclosure provides an experimental device for simulating the erosion of a tubing string caused by sand production. The experimental device includes an autoclave, a circulating assembly, a power assembly, a monitoring assembly, or a three-phase feeding assembly. The circulating assembly is sealed and arranged in the autoclave, the circulating assembly includes a circulation loop formed by straight pipes and elbows. The power assembly includes a pump arranged on the circulation loop. The monitoring assembly includes a flowmeter and a temperature and pressure sensor for detecting the circulation loop, and the temperature and pressure sensor is communicatively connected with a PC. The three-phase feeding assembly includes a feeding pipe that is in fluid communication with the circulation loop, and the feeding pipe is connected with one or more gas tanks, a sander feeder, and one or more liquid tanks, respectively.

A test system includes subsystems for application to a test sample of a range of conditions that might be encountered in an actual application. Conditions may include the presence of particular fluid environments, temperatures, pressures, and mechanical loads including tensile and bending loads. The system is particularly suited for elongated samples such as tubular products used in oil and gas applications, though a range of samples may be tested.

A method for analyzing a heat exchanger includes a structural model creation step (S1) of creating a structural model of a heat exchanger; a iron-linear model creation step (S4) of creating a iron-linear model in which a non-linear spring element in an out-of-plane direction, in which a load is generated only at me time of contact between a heat transfer tube and an anti-vibration member, is applied to an opposing portion between the heat transfer tube and the anti-vibration member in a structural model, and a load distribution acquisition step (S5) of performing analysis in which a load in the out-of-plane direction is applied to the non-linear model to acquire load distribution of the heat exchanger from a value of the load in each opposing portion.

The multiple rig stress corrosion cracking testing device is a stress corrosion cracking and sulfide stress cracking testing device for engineering material specimens. The device includes a pressure and temperature autoclave chamber and also includes four testing rigs for simultaneous stress corrosion cracking testing of a circumferential notched tensile specimen, a compact tension or a double cantilever beam specimen, a cantilever bend specimen, and a center cracked plate specimen under varying experimental conditions. The specimens may be of similar or different materials.

Disclosed is a pressure-bearing device for simulating an excavation unloading test of a high-energy-storage rock mass. The pressure-bearing device comprises pressure-bearing blocks, a casing pipe and sealing rings, wherein the two pressure-bearing blocks are respectively arranged at two ends of a to-be-tested rock mass; the casing pipe can be arranged outside the to-be-tested rock mass and the pressure-bearing blocks in a sleeving mode and is attached to the to-be-tested rock mass and the pressure-bearing blocks; and the sealing rings are arranged outside the pressure-bearing blocks and the casing pipe in a sleeving mode, so that the sealing rings can be tightly pressed on the casing pipe and the pressure-bearing blocks through fastening elements. Further disclosed is a sealing method for simulating an excavation unloading test of a high-energy-storage rock mass.

The present disclosure provides an experimental device for simulating the erosion of a tubing string caused by sand production. The experimental device includes an autoclave, a circulating assembly, a power assembly, a monitoring assembly, or a three-phase feeding assembly. The circulating assembly is sealed and arranged in the autoclave, the circulating assembly includes a circulation loop formed by straight pipes and elbows. The power assembly includes a pump arranged on the circulation loop. The monitoring assembly includes a flowmeter and a temperature and pressure sensor for detecting the circulation loop, and the temperature and pressure sensor is communicatively connected with a PC. The three-phase feeding assembly includes a feeding pipe that is in fluid communication with the circulation loop, and the feeding pipe is connected with one or more gas tanks, a sander feeder, and one or more liquid tanks, respectively.

A method of determining a minimum wall thickness for a pipe joint for use in a subsea pipeline comprises the steps of: i) determining an internal diameter of the pipe joint; ii) determining a minimum allowable hydrostatic pressure at the depth at which the pipe joint is to be used; iii) determining a target wall thickness for the pipe joint, the target wall thickness corresponding to the internal diameter and the minimum allowable hydrostatic pressure; iv) manufacturing a plurality of preliminary pipe joints having the internal diameter and the target wall thickness; v) carrying out external pressure collapse tests resulting in data representative of the hydrostatic collapse pressures at which the plurality of preliminary pipe joints collapse; vi) determining a probability distribution corresponding to the data based on a statistical tail model derived from Extreme Value Theory; vii) determining from the probability distribution a hydrostatic collapse pressure occurring with a probability of 10.sup.−5 or lower; and, viii) determining a wall thickness of the pipe joint corresponding to the internal diameter and the hydrostatic collapse pressure.