In a measuring arrangement for determining properties of a material to be extruded while an extrusion process is being carried out in an extruder, at least one extruder screw is rotatably mounted in a tubular guide in a barrel and is connected to a rotary drive. Material to be extruded is fed to the tubular guide at one end and is removed as finish-extruded material at an oppositely arranged discharge. Arranged at measuring positions at predeterminable defined intervals on the wall of the tubular guide along the longitudinal axis of the extruder screw are multiple first sound transducers, which are designed for the detection of sound waves that are generated during the extrusion process by the extrusion process as process noises and/or are emitted by a second sound transducer, arranged at one end of the tubular guide, in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the extruder screw and into the material to be extruded that is conveyed through a mixing chamber present in the tubular guide.

Disclosed are an apparatus for measuring an in-situ crosslink density includes a support configured to fix or support a cross-linkable structure, a light source configured to irradiate light for crosslinking to the cross-linkable structure, and a probe configured to provide in-situ micro-deformation to the cross-linkable structure, wherein the in-situ crosslink density of the cross-linkable structure is measured from a stress-strain phase lag of the cross-linkable structure by the in-situ micro-deformation, a method of measuring the in-situ crosslink density, a method of manufacturing a crosslinked product, a crosslinked product obtained by the method, and a polymer substrate and an electronic device including the crosslinked product.

Kits, apparatuses, and methods are provided for measuring acoustic properties of a surface. In an implementation, a kit may be provided. The kit may comprise an elongated pin; a tube having first and second ends, the tube having at least one pair of diametrically opposing holes, the at least one pair of diametrically opposing holes operable to support the elongated pin therethrough; a mass adapted to be received through the first and second ends of the tube; wherein placement of the elongated pin through a first pair of the at least one pair of diametrically opposing holes may prevent movement of the mass through the tube; and wherein removal of the elongated pin through the first pair of the at least one pair of diametrically opposing holes may allow passage of the mass through the tube.

A system for determining the position of a piston in a subsea accumulator, comprising: a sensor module comprising: a housing; an ultrasonic transducer facing the piston and configured to transmit an ultrasonic pulse through a fluid medium toward a surface of the piston; a pressure sensor configured to; and a temperature sensor; a control connector coupled to the sensor module capable of providing hardware and software functions to measure transit time of the ultrasonic signal from the ultrasonic transducer to the surface of the piston, comprising electronics for controlling the ultrasonic transducer, pressure sensor and temperature sensor; wherein the transit times of the ultrasonic signals across the fluid medium are measured and combined with a computed velocity of sound as a function of temperature/pressure to determine the distance between the ultrasonic transducer and the surface of the piston.

A method and apparatus for evaluating an object having a wrinkle are provided. An array of receiving elements is configured such that only two receiving apertures are configured to receive at a given point in time. Energy is sent into the object using an array of transmitting elements. Reflected energy is received at the only two receiving apertures of the array of receiving elements in response to a portion of the energy being reflected off a plurality of layers in the object. A number of dimensions of a wrinkle in the object is determined based on the reflected energy received at the only two receiving apertures of the array of receiving elements.

A photoacoustic imaging apparatus includes a light source portion and a signal processing portion. The signal processing portion is configured to perform imaging processing on the basis of either a first acoustic wave signal or a second acoustic wave signal by performing processing for disabling either the first acoustic wave signal corresponding to a rising edge of a pulse signal of pulsed light or the second acoustic wave signal corresponding to a falling edge of the pulse signal of the pulsed light.

The present invention relates to a safety diagnosis method for a structure using a nonlinear ultrasonic wave modulation technique. The safety diagnosis method includes: making the structure vibrate by applying signals of different ultrasonic frequencies; converting the responses of the structure generated by the vibration into digital signals; extracting first modulation signals by subtracting the harmonic responses and the linear responses of the signals of different ultrasonic frequencies from the digital signals and synchronously demodulating the digital signals; constructing a first sideband spectrogram by combining the first modulation signals generated by continuously changing at least frequency among the signals of different ultrasonic frequencies; and deciding whether the structure is cracked based on the first sideband spectrogram. Even though the power of the ultrasonic wave applied to the structure is very small as compared with the related art, whether there is the damage is precisely decided, and thus power consumption may be reduced.

A tool for analysis of sound wave propagation in an aquatic medium. The tool generates a model representing the aquatic medium as a three-dimensional (3D) Gaussian random field, the 3D Gaussian random field being described by one or more correlation functions. The tool determines a propagation trajectory of a sound wave in the aquatic medium based on the 3D Gaussian random field.

A measurement device includes a sensor that detects a particular substance, a storage unit that stores calibration data that indicate a relationship between a measurement value of the particular substance and an output of the sensor, and a calculation unit that calculates the measurement value of the particular substance from the calibration data based on the output of the sensor. The calculation unit produces a first waveform where a plurality of first outputs of the sensor are normalized, produces a plurality of second waveforms where a plurality of second outputs of the sensor that are included in the calibration data are normalized. The calculation unit calculates a measurement value of the particular substance based on the first waveform and the plurality of second waveforms.

A measurement device includes a sensor that detects a particular substance, a storage unit that stores calibration data that indicate a relationship between a measurement value of the particular substance and an output of the sensor, and a calculation unit that calculates the measurement value of the particular substance from the calibration data based on the output of the sensor. The calculation unit produces a first waveform where a plurality of first outputs of the sensor are normalized, produces a plurality of second waveforms where a plurality of second outputs of the sensor that are included in the calibration data are normalized. The calculation unit calculates a measurement value of the particular substance based on the first waveform and the plurality of second waveforms.