The present invention relates to a use of an endothelin receptor inhibitor for inhibiting exosome secretion or inhibiting PD-L1 expression. It was confirmed that the endothelin receptor inhibitor inhibits endothelin receptors, which are currently known as a target for anticancer drug development, to not only inhibit the secretion of cancer cell-derived exosomes, but also reduce the expression of PD-L1 in cells, and is thus effective for cancer treatment when used in combination with existing anticancer drugs or when used alone in the form of a drug. Accordingly, the present invention can be used in novel modes of anticancer drug development using drugs exhibiting immune-checkpoint inhibition effects and exosome secretion inhibition effects.

A method of classifying a lung graft subjected to normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP), during perfusion and/or after perfusion, the method comprising: a) collecting a test sample from the lung graft; b) measuring a polypeptide level of a negative transplant predictor gene product selected from CCG predictor gene products M-CSF, IL-8 SCGF-beta, GRO-alpha, G-CSF, MIP-1 alpha, and/or MIP-1beta, endothelin predictor gene products endothelin 1 (ET-1) and/or big ET-1, and/or apoptosis predictor gene products cytokeratin 18 (CK-18), caspase 3 and/or HMGB-1 in the sample and/or determining a metabolite profile of the sample for lung grafts that are from donors where the death was due to cardiac death (DCD); c) identifying the graft as a good candidate for transplant or a poor candidate for transplant wherein an increased polypeptide level of one or more negative transplant outcome predictor gene products compared to an outcome control or a reference metabolic profile is indicative the graft is a poor candidate for transplant.

The present application relates to methods of treating HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and/or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) using endothelin-1 (ET-1) antagonists. The application further relates to a composition for the treatment of HIVAN and/or FSGS. A kit for detecting the presence of ET-1 or ET-1-associated biomarker in a biological sample is also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a method for the diagnosis, prognosis, risk assessment, risk stratification, monitoring, therapy guidance and/or therapy control of a fungal infection, in particular invasive fungal infections (IFI) and/or the ruling in or ruling out of an fungal infection and/or the differential diagnosis of a fungal colonization vs. an invasive fungal infection in a subject, wherein in particular the subject has an increased risk of getting or having a fungal infection and/or the subject is in a critical disease state, particularly has an existing infection and/or a state of sepsis, particularly a septic shock. The method of the invention comprises determining the level of at least one marker selected from the group of ICAM1, AHSG, CPN1, FABP1, HRG, PIGR, RAP1A, THBS1, VCL, ET-1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a diagnostic assay and a kit for carrying out the method.

The present application relates to methods of treating HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and/or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) using endothelin-1 (ET-1) antagonists. The application further relates to a composition for the treatment of HIVAN and/or FSGS. A kit for detecting the presence of ET-1 or ET-1-associated biomarker in a biological sample is also disclosed.

The present application relates to methods of treating HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and/or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) using endothelin-1 (ET-1) antagonists. The application further relates to a composition for the treatment of HIVAN and/or FSGS. A kit for detecting the presence of ET-1 or ET-1-associated biomarker in a biological sample is also disclosed.

The present application relates to methods of treating HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and/or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) using endothelin-1 (ET-1) antagonists. The application further relates to a composition for the treatment of HIVAN and/or FSGS. A kit for detecting the presence of ET-1 or ET-1-associated biomarker in a biological sample is also disclosed.

The present application relates to methods of treating HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and/or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) using endothelin-1 (ET-1) antagonists. The application further relates to a composition for the treatment of HIVAN and/or FSGS. A kit for detecting the presence of ET-1 or ET-1-associated biomarker in a biological sample is also disclosed.

The present application relates to methods of treating HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and/or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) using endothelin-1 (ET-1) antagonists. The application further relates to a composition for the treatment of HIVAN and/or FSGS. A kit for detecting the presence of ET-1 or ET-1-associated biomarker in a biological sample is also disclosed.

The present application relates to methods of treating HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and/or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) using endothelin-1 (ET-1) antagonists. The application further relates to a composition for the treatment of HIVAN and/or FSGS. A kit for detecting the presence of ET-1 or ET-1-associated biomarker in a biological sample is also disclosed.