An analytical method for detecting presence of oxidizing substances by measuring degradation of peptides may include preparing a test preparation that includes a peptide and a sample. The peptide degrades in the presence of oxidizing substances. The method may include detecting impurities of the peptide in the test preparation in which detected impurities indicate presence of oxidizing substances in the sample. Examples include using high performance liquid chromatography to detect, identify, and quantify impurities of the peptide indicating presence of oxidizing substances in the sample. Exemplary oxidizing substances include peroxide-containing, chlorine-containing compounds, and bromine-containing compounds. Exemplary peptides include vasopressin.

The present disclosure provides methods for diagnosing and treating anxiety disorders in female subjects. Diagnosis and treatment of such anxiety disorders are based, in part, on an analysis of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) expression levels in tissue collected from female subjects.

The present invention is directed to antagonistic antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof having binding specificity for PACAP. These antibodies inhibit, block or neutralize at least one biological effect associated with PACAP, e.g., vasodilation. In exemplary embodiments these antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof may comprise specific V.sub.H, V.sub.L, and CDR polypeptides described herein. In some embodiments these antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof bind to and/or compete for binding to specific epitope(s) on human PACAP. The invention is further directed to using these antagonistic anti-PACAP antibodies, and binding fragments thereof, for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of diseases and disorders associated with PACAP and conditions where antagonism of PACAP-related activities, such as vasodilation, mast cell degranulation, and/or neuronal activation, are therapeutically beneficial, e.g., headache and migraine indications.

Disclosed herein is the use of copeptin as a diagnostic marker for the determination of the release of vasopressin, especially in connection with disorders associated with non-physiological alterations of vasopressin release from the neurohypophysis, especially for detection and early detection, diagnosing and monitoring of the course of cardiovascular diseases, renal and pulmonary diseases as well as shock, including septic shock, sepsis and diseases/disorders of the central nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases.

The present invention relates to neutralizing antibodies of the human pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide type I receptor (PAC1) and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such antibodies. Methods of treating or preventing headache conditions, such as migraine and cluster headache, using the neutralizing antibodies are also described.

This invention relates to methods of screening for anti-PACAP antibodies, or anti-PACAP receptor antibodies, and antigen binding fragments thereof, for potential use in treating or preventing PACAP-associated photophobia or light aversion, and therapeutic compositions containing and methods of using anti-PACAP antibodies, or anti-PACAP receptor antibodies, and antigen binding fragments thereof.

The present invention relates to neutralizing antibodies of the human pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide type I receptor (PAC1) and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such antibodies. Methods of treating or preventing headache conditions, such as migraine and cluster headache, using the neutralizing antibodies are also described.

The present invention is directed to antagonistic antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof having binding specificity for PACAP. These antibodies inhibit, block or neutralize at least one biological effect associated with PACAP, e.g., vasodilation. In exemplary embodiments these antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof may comprise specific V.sub.H, V.sub.L, and CDR polypeptides described herein. In some embodiments these antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof bind to and/or compete for binding to specific epitope(s) on human PACAP. The invention is further directed to using these antagonistic anti-PACAP antibodies, and binding fragments thereof, for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of diseases and disorders associated with PACAP and conditions where antagonism of PACAP-related activities, such as vasodilation, mast cell degranulation, and/or neuronal activation, are therapeutically beneficial, e.g., headache and migraine indications.

This invention relates to methods of screening for anti-PACAP antibodies, or anti-PACAP receptor antibodies, and antigen binding fragments thereof, for potential use in treating or preventing PACAP-associated photophobia or light aversion, and therapeutic compositions containing and methods of using anti-PACAP antibodies, or anti-PACAP receptor antibodies, and antigen binding fragments thereof.

The present invention is directed to antagonistic antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof having binding specificity for PACAP. These antibodies inhibit, block or neutralize at least one biological effect associated with PACAP, e.g., vasodilation. In exemplary embodiments these antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof may comprise specific V.sub.H, V.sub.L, and CDR polypeptides described herein. In some embodiments these antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof bind to and/or compete for binding to specific epitope(s) on human PACAP. The invention is further directed to using these antagonistic anti-PACAP antibodies, and binding fragments thereof, for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of diseases and disorders associated with PACAP and conditions where antagonism of PACAP-related activities, such as vasodilation, mast cell degranulation, and/or neuronal activation, are therapeutically beneficial, e.g., headache and migraine indications.