The present invention relates to methods and compositions for monitoring, diagnosis, prognosis, and determination of treatment regimens in subjects suffering from or suspected of having a renal injury. In particular, the invention relates to using a measured urine concentration of one or more of TIMP2 and IGFBP7 in combination with one or more of a measured serum creatinine and a measured urine output, which results are correlated to the renal status of the subject, and can be used for diagnosis, prognosis, risk stratification, staging, monitoring, categorizing and determination of further diagnosis and treatment regimens in subjects suffering or at risk of suffering from an injury to renal function, reduced renal function, and/or acute renal failure.

Disclosed herein are methods of treating a subject with an estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer comprising obtaining a sample of the breast cancer from the subject; determining a level of E-cadherin in the sample is reduced compared to a control; and administering a therapeutically effective amount of an IGF1R pathway inhibitor and an endocrine therapeutic. Also disclosed herein are methods to treat a cancer in a subject comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of an IGF1R pathway inhibitor and an E-cadherin inhibitor. Also disclosed are methods to predict the likelihood a subject with a breast cancer will respond therapeutically to a treatment comprising administering an IGF1R pathway inhibitor, the method comprising obtaining a sample of the cancer from the subject; and determining a level of E-cadherin in the sample.

The present subject matter provides, inter alia, compositions, systems, kits, and methods for diagnosing and treating small vessel diseases (SVDs).

Described herein, inter alia, are IGF2BP2 inhibitor compounds and methods of using the same.

The present invention relates to a method for differentiating between heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in a subject suffering from heart failure, said method comprising the steps of determining the amounts of IGFBP7 (Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7), of a BNP-type peptide, and optionally of CRP (C-reactive protein) in a sample from the subject, calculating (i) a ratio of the amount of IGFBP7 and the amount of the BNP-peptide or (ii) a ratio of the sum of the amounts of IGFBP7 and CRP and the amount of the BNP-type peptide, comparing the ratio calculated with a reference ratio, and differentiating between heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The present invention further concerns a method for the diagnosis of HFpEF.

CTP-modified human growth hormone polypeptides and pharmaceutical formulations and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and methods of producing, and using the same are disclosed.

The present invention is intended to provide a novel biomarker capable of detecting aortic aneurysm with high sensitivity, and specifically, the present invention relates to a detection marker of aortic aneurysm, comprising an NPC2 (Niemann-Pick disease type C2) protein and/or an IGFBP7 (Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7) protein.

A method of diagnosing breast cancer is disclosed. The method comprises lysing extracellular vesicles of a subject to generate a composition comprising components of extracellular vesicles; measuring the amount of MEK1 in the composition; and diagnosing the subject with breast cancer when a level of said MEK1 in said composition is above a predetermined threshold. Kits for breast cancer diagnosis are also disclosed.

Described herein is a new oral method for using MK-0677 for detecting growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHM. Also described is a method of treating growth hormone (GH) deficiency (MD) in children with a functional hypothalamic-pituitary GH axis.

Disclosed herein are methods of determining a concentration of IGF-1 and/or IGF-2 with improved sensitivity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The methods can achieve improved sensitivity by using a supercharging reagent as part of a mobile phase of the HPLC, which can increase the amount of specific charge states of IGF-1 and/or IGF-2 ions detected by MS. An example method includes subjecting a sample to HPLC, wherein the HPLC comprises a mobile phase including a supercharging reagent and an organic acid; ionizing the sample to produce one or more ions detectable by mass spectrometry; determining amounts of IGF-1 ions in an 8.sup.+ charge state by mass spectrometry; and relating the amount of the determined IGF-1 ions in the 8.sup.+ charge state to the concentration of IGF-1 in the sample.