In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing lupus (e.g., SLE) in a subject, comprising: (a) identifying the subject as having at least one differentially regulated biomarker selected from CD40, CD40L, CD86, CD80, and PD1; and (b) administering an agent that inhibits the CD40 or CD28 signaling pathway, thereby treating or preventing lupus in the subject. In other embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing lupus (e.g., SLE) in a subject, comprising: (a) administering an agent that inhibits the CD40 or CD28 signaling pathway; (b) determining whether the agent neutralizes at least one differentially regulated biomarker selected from CD40, CD40L, CD86, CD80, and PD1; and (c) adjusting the dosing of the agent in the subject, thereby treating or preventing lupus in the subject.

Provided is a method for diagnosing a subject having or at risk of having mild cognitive impairment (MCI), including stimulating T cells in a biological sample obtained from the subject with an amyloid β peptide or a fragment thereof and evaluating a magnitude of a T cell response toward the amyloid β peptide or the fragment thereof. Also provided is a kit for diagnosing MCI by using the method.

A method of classifying the severity of a coronaviral infection of a subject is disclosed. The method comprises measuring the TRAIL and/or IP10 protein level in a body liquid sample of the subject, wherein the level is indicative of the severity of the coronaviral infection. Managing treatments for coronaviral infections are also disclosed as well as measuring contagiousness of infections.

This disclosure provides kits and methods for detecting markers in a sample from a subject with unknown status and generating a risk assessment of the presence or absence of cancer, such as colorectal cancer. In embodiments, a kit comprises at least two reagents, each specifically binding to one of at least two polypeptides in a sample from the subject. The polypeptides include IL-8 and ferritin. The kit further includes at least one standard comprising a known amount of at least one of the polypeptides. The kit can also include computer readable media comprising instructions to analyze the detected amounts of the at least two polypeptides using a machine learning algorithm to determine whether a subject has an increased risk of the presence of colorectal cancer.

Biomarkers for diagnosing the disease activity, disease severity or disease type of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) such as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis are provided. Also provided is a method of testing SCARs, comprising measuring the expression of at least one protein selected from the group consisting of stratifin, TNF receptor superfamily member 8 (CD30/TNFRSF8), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and TNF receptor superfamily member 6B (DcR3/TNFRSF6B) in a sample derived from a subject.

The present invention relates to the finding that TL1A enhances differentiation of TH17 cells, and enhance IL17 secretion from TH17 cells. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating an inflammatory disease comprising determining the presence of a TL1A signaling profile, and treating the disease by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective dosage of one or more inhibitors of TL1A or TH17 cell differentiation. In another embodiment, the disease is characterized by TH17 differentiation.

The present invention provides a variant proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), which has a higher binding affinity to BCMA than wild-type APRIL; and/or altered binding kinetics compared with wild-type APRIL, and/or a higher BCMA:TACI (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor) binding ratio than wild-type APRIL and which comprises mutations at one or more of the following positions: A125, V174, T175, M200, P201, S202, H203, D205 and R206.

The present disclosure is directed to methods of screening a compound for modulating activity at a TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) binding site on a cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14). The present disclosure also provides heterocyclic compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and methods for the prevention, treatment, and amelioration of cell proliferative disorders with these compounds.

Antibiotics (Abx) are the world's most misused drugs. Antibiotics misuse occurs when the drug is administered in case of a non-bacterial infection (such as a viral infection) for which it is ineffective. Overall, it is estimated that 40-70% of the worldwide Abx courses are mis-prescribed. The financial and health consequences of Abx over-prescription include the direct cost of the drugs, as well as the indirect costs of their side effects, which are estimated at >$15 billion annually. Furthermore, over-prescription directly causes the emergence of Abx-resistant strains of bacteria, which are recognized as one of the major threats to public health today. This generates an immediate need for reliable diagnostics to assist physicians in correct Abx prescription, especially at the point-of-care (POC) where most Abx are prescribed. Accordingly, some aspects of the present invention provide methods using biomarkers for rapidly detecting the source of infection and administrating the appropriate treatment.

The present invention provides a method of measuring the levels of BCMA in a biological sample, specifically upon the B cell surface. The diagnostic assays are useful in predicting an individual's likelihood of developing or currently suffering from an autoimmune disease, such as SLE, and for methods for treating an individual clinically diagnosed with an autoimmune disease. This diagnostic test serves to predict a patient's likelihood to respond to a specific drug treatment, in particular treatment with BLyS antagonists, either singly or in combination with other immune suppressive drugs.