Provided herein are antibodies, or antigen binding portions thereof, that bind to glucocorticoid-inducible TNF receptor (GITR). Also provided are uses of these proteins in therapeutic applications, such as in the treatment of cancer. Further provided are cells that produce the antibodies, polynucleotides encoding the heavy and/or light chain variable region of the antibodies, and vectors comprising the polynucleotides encoding the heavy and/or light chain variable region of the antibodies.

The present invention relates to a kit of parts and methods for determining the presence and quantity of one or more TNF-α inhibitor drugs and/or anti-TNF-α inhibitor drug antibodies in one or more biological samples each comprising less than 200 μl, the method comprising the steps of providing a reaction liquid comprising the sample, a first TNF-α conjugate comprising TNF-α and a first conjugated moiety and a second TNF-α conjugate comprising TNF-α and a second conjugated moiety, said second moiety being capable of generating or ameliorating a detectable signal in the presence of a molecular complex comprising a TNF-α inhibitor, followed by detecting the change in signal when the complex between the TNF-α inhibitor drug, the first TNF-α conjugate and a the second TNF-α conjugate forms.

Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to biomarkers, or a panel of biomarkers, that determine progression of Alzheimer's disease, and methods of use thereof.

As a technique enabling to simply and accurately diagnose human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) related disease, there is provided a diagnostic method for an HTLV-1 related disease based on an amount of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) in a blood sample taken from a subject, wherein (1) it is determined based on an increase of the amount of TNFR2 that the subject suffers from, or is likely to develop, the HTLV-1 related disease; and/or (2) it is determined based on a decrease of the amount of TNFR2 that the subject is in remission, or is likely to be in remission, of the HTLV-1 related disease.

Provided herein are antibodies, or antigen binding portions thereof, that bind to glucocorticoid-inducible TNF receptor (GITR). Also provided are uses of these proteins in therapeutic applications, such as in the treatment of cancer. Further provided are cells that produce the antibodies, polynucleotides encoding the heavy and/or light chain variable region of the antibodies, and vectors comprising the polynucleotides encoding the heavy and/or light chain variable region of the antibodies.

Methods and kits for screening, diagnosing, detecting or predicting a patient outcome/risk in a patient with a respiratory illness, the method comprising: a. obtaining a sample obtained from the patient; b. quantitatively measuring in the sample a polypeptide level of one or more biomarkers selected from: IL-6, CXCL8, IL-10, IL-IRA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-g, IP-10, MCP-1, G-CSF, GM-CSF, FGF-basic, SCGF-β, GRO-α, MIP1-α, MIP1-β, CK-18, PDGF-bb, caspase 3, HMGB-1, TNF α, VEGF, sTNFR1 and sTREM1; and c. i) comparing the level of the one or more biomarkers in the sample with a control or cut-off level, wherein the differential level is indicative of patient outcome risk; or ii) using the polypeptide level of several of the biomarkers in combination, as inputs for an algebraic calculation or machine learning model of patient outcome risk.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is marked by altered immune regulation linked to waxing and waning clinical disease. Embodiments described herein identify sets of biomarkers/mediators and their use for informing and/or predicting a future SLE disease activity event such as an impending SLE flare or SLE-related organ inflammation. Such an approach can be beneficial in the management of lupus.

The present invention refers to an in vitro method for obtaining clinical data in patients suffering from an inflammatory disease, preferably, for predicting mortality risk among patients suffering from sepsis or for deciding whether to administer a medical treatment to a patient suffering from an autoinflammatory syndrome.

A new, stable trimeric TNFα structure is disclosed with distorted symmetry which can bind to the TNFR1 receptor to attenuate signalling therefrom, which can be used in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases associated with the soluble TNFα/TNFR1 interaction. Membrane-bound TNFα is not affected in its ability to signal through TNFR2, and thus the new structure of TNFα may be used in therapies which do not significantly raise the risk of infection or malignancy.

The invention relates to panels of biomarkers for diagnosing and/or monitoring the progression of an active mycobacterial infection or for diagnosing the absence of a mycobacterial infection, particularly tuberculosis. Such diagnosis and/or monitoring may be differential diagnosis between active tuberculosis patients and patients with latent, non-progressing tuberculosis or healthy or sick patients, irrespective of whether the patients have been characterised as being sputum smear positive or sputum smear negative, and/or irrespective of whether they have been characterised as being HIV positive or HIV negative. The above pertain in all aspects both to pulmonary and extra pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, with Mycobacterium tuberculosis being the causative organism in tuberculosis.