Compositions and methods for detecting food-based allergens on a surface are disclosed. A composition can include ninhydrin and a protease enzyme. The protease enzyme can be a cysteine protease enzyme, an aspartic protease enzyme, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the composition can include a carrier. Methods of detecting a food-based allergen on a surface can include providing a composition including ninhydrin and providing a protease enzyme. The method can include applying the composition and the protease enzyme to the surface. The method can also include allowing the ninhydrin and the protease enzyme to interact with particulates from the surface for a detection period. Detecting the food-based allergen can occur when the composition changes color after the detection period.

The present disclosure relates generally to detection of contamination of a sample or diagnosis of subject based upon detection or quantification of amino acid sequences in a sample, specifically to the identification and use of molecular biomarkers for Candida albicans biofilm infections.

The present invention provides an assay for determining the biochemical fitness of a biochemical species in a mutant replicating biological entity relative to its predecessor. The present invention further provides a continuous fluorogenic assay for measuring the anti-HIV protease activity of protease inhibitor. The present invention also provides a method of administering a therapeutic compound that reduces the chances of the emergence of drug resistance in therapy. The present invention also provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a prodrug, a composition, or an ester thereof, wherein A is a group of formulas (A), (B), (C) or (D); R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.5 or R.sup.6 is H, or an optionally substituted and/or heteroatom-bearing alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or cyclic group; Y and/or Z are CH.sub.2, O, S, SO, SO.sub.2, amino, amides, carbamates, ureas, or thiocarbonyl derivatives thereof, optionally substituted with an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group; n is from 1 to 5; X is a bond, an optionally substituted methylene or ethylene, an amino, O or S; Q is C(O), C(S), or SO.sub.2; m is from 0 to 6; R.sup.4 is OH, O (keto), NH.sub.2, or alkylamino, including esters, amides, and salts thereof; and W is C(O), C(S), S(O), or SO.sub.2. Optionally, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, together with the NW bond of formula (I), comprise a macrocyclic ring. ##STR00001##