Provided are compositions comprising newly identified protein fragments of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, polynucleotides that encode them and complements thereof, related agents, and methods of use thereof in diagnostic, drug discovery, research, and therapeutic applications.

The invention relates to a method comprising a) providing a blood sample from a subject b) determining the level of CPS-.sub.1 expression in said sample c) comparing the level of CPS-.sub.1 expression of (b) to the level of CPS-.sub.1 expression determined from a blood sample from a subject with mild to moderate fibrosis of the liver d) determining the level of glutamate in said sample e) comparing the level of glutamate of (d) to level of glutamate determined from a blood sample from a subject with mild to moderate fibrosis of the liver f) wherein if the level of glutamate of (d) and CPS-.sub.1 expression of (b) is higher than the level of glutamate and CPS-.sub.1 expression from a blood sample from a subject with mild to moderate fibrosis of the liver, it is inferred the subject has increased likelihood of having advanced or severe (F3/F4) fibrosis of the liver.

Described herein are agents that inhibit CBL autoinhibition, agents that activate CBL, SLAP and/or SLAP2 mimetics, and recombinant SLAP and/or SLAP2 or variants and/or fragments thereof that inhibit CBL autoinhibition. Also described are fusion proteins comprising these molecules as well as methods of inhibiting CBL autoinhibition and related uses thereof.

The present invention relates to an anti-MRS monoclonal antibody and, more specifically, to an antibody or a fragment thereof characterized by specifically binding to a fragment represented by amino acid 861-900 of a human-derived methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) protein set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, a method for producing the same, and a composition for diagnosing cancer comprising the same. The antibody or the fragment thereof of the present invention specifically binds to the human-derived MRS, and has no cross-reactivity with other proteins comprising the same ARS family. Therefore, as MRS detection is possible, the antibody or a fragment thereof can be effectively used for diagnosing MRS-related cancer.

Cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP), including 2′3-cGAMP, 2′2-cGAMP, 3′2′-cGAMP and 3′3′-GAMP, are used in pharmaceutical formulations (including vaccine adjuvants), drug screens, therapies, and diagnostics.

This disclosure relates to compositions and methods of diagnosing neurodegenerative disease by analyzing protein expression profiles in a subject.

The present disclosure provides markers specific for pluripotent stem cells. In particular, the present disclosure relates to nucleic acid and polypeptide markers that are selectively expressed by pluripotent stem cells; and to methods for detecting the presence and/or absence of one or a plurality of pluripotent stem cells, by detecting such markers.

The present invention generally relates to the fields of cancer therapy and cancer prevention. More particularly, the present invention generally relates to a diagnostic marker for predicting the efficacy of topoisomerase I (topo I) inhibitors in the treatment of cancers. More specifically, the present invention relates to methods, machines, computer systems, computable readable media and kits which can be used to identify and determine the effectiveness of topoisomerase I (topo I) inhibitors in the treatment of cancers, and in some embodiments, the level of sensitivity or resistance of a tumor cell to a topoisomerase I inhibitor, such as camptothecin (CPT), or CPT analogues such as topotecan and irinotecan and derivatives thereof. More specifically, the present invention related to methods, machines, computer systems, computable readable media and kits which can be used to determine a mutation in the BRCA1 gene, e.g., in the RING domain and/or BRCT domain of BRCA1, and where the presence of such mutation which interferes with the interaction of BRCA1 with phosphorylated Topo I indicates that the subject who has the mutation is likely to be responsive to a topo I inhibitor, Other aspect of the present invention relate to assays and methods to screening candidate compounds to interrupt or interfere with the interaction of BRCA1 with phospho-serine10 topoisomerase I, and uses thereof.

Compositions and methods for detecting molecule-molecule interactions are provided. The methods employ a prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup) and a Pup ligase that is coupled to one of the molecules. When the Pup ligase is brought to proximity to the other molecule by virtue of the molecule-molecule interaction, the Pup ligase can conjugate the Pup to a lysine residue on the other molecule. As such conjugation can be easily detected, this method allows easy identification of the molecule-molecule interaction.

A diagnostic assay for detecting an occurrence of a stroke event in a mammalian subject. The assay comprises the steps of: (i) separating a plasma fraction from a blood sample collected from the mammalian subject; (ii) quantifying in the plasma fraction a L-glutamine hydroxylamine glutamyl transferase (L-GHGT) activity; (iii) quantifying in the plasma fraction a gamma glutamyl hydroxamate synthetase (GGHS) activity; (iv) adding together or alternatively calculating the combinatorial probability for the quantified L-GHGT activity and the quantified GGHS activity to produce a value for the net glutamine synthetase activity, and (v) correlating the net glutamine synthetase activity value with net glutamine synthetase activity values from healthy subjects to detect an occurrence of a stroke event in the mammalian subject. Also disclosed are kits comprising reagents and instructions for performing a diagnostic assay to detect and quantify L-GHGT activity and/or GGHS activity.