Compounds and methods are provided for inhibiting an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Methods of treating cancer are also provided. The ALDH-inhibitor can be a compound that is based on a cyclic guanidine, or an imidazolium core. In certain embodiments, the ALDH-inhibitor compound is a substituted cyclic guanidine, or a substituted imidazolium compound. Aspects of the methods include methods of selectively inhibiting a particular ALDH family member. In some cases, the subject compounds are ALDH1 B1-selective inhibitors. In some cases, the subject compounds are ALDH1A3-selective inhibitors.

A system for the electrochemical detection of triglyceride levels includes a test strip including an electrode and a counter electrode, the electrode and counter electrode located proximate to a sample reception area; and a coating on one of the electrode and counter electrode, the coating including a reagent coating for triglycerides.

Methods and compositions are provided for treating endometriosis in an individual, and the pain associated with endometriosis. Aspects of the methods include administering to the individual an agent that promotes ALDH activity.

The present invention provides methods and compositions for identifying leukemic stem cells.

The present invention relates to a compound for use in detecting “reader” and “eraser” proteins of lysine lipoylation. The present invention provides an affinity-based probe, referred to herein as “KPlip”, capable of interrogating the lipoylated peptide/protein interactions under native cellular environments. The chemical probe allows for the identification of potential regulators of lysine lipoylation, thus uncovering new biology related to lipoylation. There is also provided a method of using the compound to identifying proteins that interact with lipoylated proteins.

The present invention is related to a method for risk detection, diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The method comprises the steps of: (1) measuring the level of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in a sample from the subject, and (2) comparing the level of GAPDH in the sample with two or more AD reference levels of GAPDH.

Methods are provided of identifying a subject having impaired aldehyde dehydrogenase activity; and administering to the subject a compound comprising an isotopicaliy-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid, an isotopicaliy-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid ester, an isotopicaliy-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid thioester, an isotopicaliy-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid amide, a polyunsaturated fatty acid mimetic, or an isotopicaliy-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid pro-drug, the compound having an isotopic modification that reduces oxidation of the compound, thereby reducing production in the subject of substrate for aldehyde dehydrogenase. Some aspects provide coadministering an isotopicaliy-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid and an oxylipin.

A system for the electrochemical detection of triglyceride levels includes a test strip including an electrode and a counter electrode, the electrode and counter electrode located proximate to a sample reception area; and a coating on one of the electrode and counter electrode, the coating including a reagent coating for triglycerides.

The methods described herein allow for the classification of patients into groups for receiving optimized radiation treatment based on patient specific biomarker signature. The biomarker signature includes markers that have been shown to correlate with TGF-B expression and to be associated with tumor aggressiveness, radioresistance and poor prognosis. The markers play a key role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The methods described herein provide the dual benefits of anti-tumor efficacy plus normal tissue protection when combining TGF-B inhibitors with ionizing radiation to treat cancer patients.

Provided is an in vitro method for determining the metabolic status of a lymphoma comprising a step of determining the level of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) expression in lymphoma cells, wherein a low level of GAPDH expression is indicative of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) status. Also provided is an in vitro method for predicting the responsiveness of a patient afflicted with a lymphoma to a treatment with a metabolic inhibitor selected from the group consisting of mitochondrial metabolic inhibitors and glutamine metabolism inhibitors comprising a step of determining the level of GAPDH expression in lymphoma cells obtained from said patient, wherein a low level of GAPDH expression is predictive of a response to a treatment with a metabolic inhibitor.