Disclosed herein are biosensors including transcription, translation, and coupled transcription/translation systems. The biosensors may be made from cell lysates, purified enzymes, or a combination thereof. The biosensors may include an inhibitor, and may include a reporter. The biosensor may be supplied in a kit for testing for a disease or condition. Methods of using the biosensor are also disclosed.

A method of identifying agents for the treatment of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) caused by the mutation F508del in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (F508del-CFTR), wherein a candidate agent contacts with at least one gene sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 228 to 478 or with its protein product as therapeutic targets. The ability of the candidate agent to modulate the activity of the F508del-CFTR protein and its plasma membrane traffic is determined. Gene sequences SEQ ID NOs: 228 to 478 were identified by a high-throughput siRNA cell-based microscopy screen aimed at identifying genes which enhance F508del-CFTR plasma membrane levels upon knock-down, as potential candidates for drug therapy in the treatment of CF. Further disclosing formulations comprising agents capable of targeting at least one gene sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 228 to 478 or their protein product.

A method for distinguishing or differentially diagnosing Alzheimer's disease from other neurodegenerative diseases, comprising determining the level of TPK1 protein in a sample from a subject, wherein a decrease in the level of TPK1 protein compared to a reference value indicates that the subject has Alzheimer's disease. Methods, compositions, test strips, test cards and/or kits for distinguishing or differentially diagnosing Alzheimer's disease from other neurodegenerative diseases by detecting a biomarker, wherein the methods, compositions, test strips, test cards and/or kits can specifically diagnose Alzheimer's disease.