Provided is a novel fluorescent probe which can be used in a spray manner, has an outstandingly high sensitivity-specificity with instantaneousness, and enables detection of a brain tumor.

A fluorescent probe for detecting a brain tumor, including a compound of the following formula (I) or a salt thereof:

##STR00001##

wherein P1 represents an arginine residue, a histidine residue or a tyrosine residue, P2 represents a proline residue or a glycine residue, where P1 is linked to an adjacent N atom by forming an amide bond, and P2 is linked to P1 by forming an amide bond; R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, or 1 to 4 identical or different substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted alkyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, an alkoxy group, an amide group and an azide group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an optionally substituted alkyl group or a halogen atom; R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group;

X represents O, Si(R.sup.a)(R.sup.b), Ge(R.sup.a)(R.sup.b), Sn(R.sup.a)(R.sup.b), C(R.sup.a) (R.sup.b) or P(═O)(R.sup.a); R.sup.a and R.sup.b each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group; and Y represents a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkylene group.

The invention provides antagonistic antibodies to BACE1 and methods of using the same for the treatment of neurological disease and disorders.

The present invention relates, in part, to methods of treating a cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent that modulates one or more biomarkers, such as inhibits one or more biomarkers listed in Table 1 and/or increases one or more biomarkers listed in Table 4, in combination with an immunotherapy.

A method for detection of active form of analytes in a sample and/or for determination of ability of tested substances to bind to the active site of these analytes has the following steps: a) analyte or group of analytes from the sample is immobilized on the surface of a solid carrier; b) analyte or group of analytes is incubated with a detection probe; c) then the solid carrier is washed to remove unbound detection probe; and subsequently, the amount of bound detection probe is determined.

The problem addressed by the present invention is to provide a marker for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma, wherein the hepatocellular carcinoma marker comprises a glycoprotein that first becomes present in the liver with the occurrence of cancer, without depending on changes in the state of the liver. The present invention provides a hepatocellular carcinoma marker comprising an NPA lectin-binding glycoprotein having an NPA lectin-binding glycan epitope that has at least one of the following properties (1) to (5): (1) the glycan epitope does not include core fucose (fucose α1.fwdarw.6 glycan); (2) the glycan epitope comprises a complex-type glycan having three (four or fewer) mannoses; (3) the glycan epitope does not include a high-mannose-type glycan having five or more mannoses; (4) the glycan epitope comprises a complex-type glycan that does not depend on the property of binding to LCA lectin; and (5) the glycan epitope comprises a complex-type glycan that does not depend on the property of binding to ConA lectin. By detecting the hepatocellular carcinoma marker of the present invention in a test sample, it is possible to determine the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma or the level of progression or malignancy of carcinoma.

The current disclosure provides for specific peptides, and derived ionization characteristics of the peptides, from the KRT5, KRT7, NapsinA, TTF1, TP63, and/or MUC1 proteins that are particularly advantageous for quantifying the KRT5, KRT7, NapsinA, TTF1, TP63, and/or MUC1 proteins directly in biological samples that have been fixed in formalin by the method of Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry, or what can also be termed as Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry. Such biological samples are chemically preserved and fixed wherein said biological sample is selected from tissues and cells treated with formaldehyde containing agents/fixatives including formalin-fixed tissue/cells, formalin-fixed/paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue/cells, FFPE tissue blocks and cells from those blocks, and tissue culture cells that have been formalin fixed and or paraffin embedded. A protein sample is prepared from said biological sample using the Liquid Tissue™ reagents and protocol and the KRT5, KRT7, NapsinA, TTF1, TP63, and/or MUC1 proteins are quantitated in the Liquid Tissue™ sample by the method of SRM/MRM mass spectrometry by quantitating in the protein sample at least one or more of the peptides described. These peptides can be quantitated if they reside in a modified or an unmodified form. An example of a modified form of a KRT5, KRT7, NapsinA, TTF1, TP63, and MUC1 fragment peptide is phosphorylation of a tyrosine, threonine, serine, and/or other amino acid residues within the peptide sequence.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for monitoring, diagnosis, prognosis, and determination of treatment regimens in subjects suffering from or suspected of having a renal injury. In particular, the invention relates to using a one or more assays configured to detect a kidney injury marker selected from the group consisting of Cancer antigen CA 15-3, C-C Motif chemokine 18, C-C Motif chemokine 24, Cathepsin D, C-X-C Motif chemokine 13, C-C motif chemokine 8, Interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain, Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, Interleukin-11, Matrix Metalloproteinase-8, Transforming growth factor alpha, IgG1, and IgG2 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in renal injuries.

Provided herein are peptide formulations comprising polymers as stabilizing agents. The peptide formulations can be more stable for prolonged periods of time at temperatures higher than room temperature when formulated with the polymers. The polymers used in the present invention can decrease the degradation of the constituent peptides of the peptide formulations.

Provided herein are peptide formulations comprising polymers as stabilizing agents. The peptide formulations can be more stable for prolonged periods of time at temperatures higher than room temperature when formulated with the polymers. The polymers used in the present invention can decrease the degradation of the constituent peptides of the peptide formulations.

The invention provides antagonistic antibodies to BACE1 and methods of using the same for the treatment of neurological disease and disorders.