The invention relates to novel fluorescent dyes with multiple negatively charged groups in their ionized form which are 9-aminoacridines or 1-aminopyrene shaving of one of the following general formulae A-E: or salts or protonated forms thereof, wherein the ionizable groups are typically selected from the following: OH, SH, COOH, SO.sub.3H, OSO.sub.3H, SO.sub.2NHCN, P(O)(OH).sub.2, P(O) (OH).sub.2. The invention further relates to the use of these dyes as fluorescent tags, in particular for reducing sugars and glycans, and to carbohydrate-dye conjugates comprising these dyes as well as to methods for preparing the same.

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Disclosed herein is a method of identifying and/or addressing incipient preeclampsia in a patient-subject by the steps of (a) performing a bioassay to determine the level of at least one sialyl Lewis antigen in a said patient-subject at about 25 weeks of pregnancy or earlier; (b) performing a bioassay to determine the level of at least one sialyl Lewis antigen in a pregnant non-preeclampsia one or more subjects at about 30 weeks of pregnancy or later, wherein said at least one sialyl Lewis antigen assay is for a sialyl Lewis antigen assayed in step (a) is and if more than one subject is assayed, averaging said results; and (c) managing said patient-subject for preeclampsia, if said level of at least one sialyl Lewis antigen of step (a) is at or greater than about 20% above the level of such silalyl Lewis antigen assayed in step (b).

Provided herein are compositions and methods useful for the analysis and authentication of polysaccharide-rich herbs, such as Dendrobium officinale, Radix Astragali, Radix Angelica Sinensis, and related herbal products.

A method for analyzing a cell surface glycan is provided, the method including bringing a glycan-binding substance labeled with a nucleic acid into contact with the cell and detecting the nucleic acid labeled to the glycan-binding substance bound to the cell, in which a kind and a quantity of the nucleic acid correspond to a kind and a quantity of the cell surface glycan.

The present invention relates to an in-vitro method for detecting anti-erythrocyte antibodies in a sample, comprising at least the following steps: a) bringing the sample into contact with one or more test erythrocytes or a suspension of one or more test erythrocytes having a known phenotype, under conditions likely to induce hemagglutination, so as to obtain a reaction mixture; b) bringing the reaction mixture into contact with a solid substrate containing a plurality of defined adsorption areas which have previously fixed antibodies or antibody fragments capable of binding antigenic determinants present on the one or more test erythrocytes; c) ascertaining the presence or absence of a hemagglutination reaction in at least one of the adsorption areas so as to detect the presence or absence of anti-erythrocyte antibodies in the sample; the steps a) and b) being carried out separately or simultaneously.

The invention concerns the identification of specific polypeptides, fragments variants thereof which can be used as markers for the efficacy of immunotherapy, particular for predicting responsiveness of a patient to immunotherapy.

The present disclosure is directed dye compounds containing a hydrazinyl substituent and optionally, one or more negatively charged groups, such as sulfonate, phosphate, phosphonate, and/or carboxylate groups and dye compounds containing an aminooxy substitutent. The compounds are useful in the detection of analytes containing aldehyde and ketone groups, including, for example, glycans.

Methods for derivatization of biomolecules including glycans or other biopolymers with one or more fluorescent, MS active compounds by reductive amination or rapid tagging in order to produce derivatized glycan having a pKa >7 and between about 200 Å and about 1000 Å of nonpolar surface area are described.

Provided is a method for analyzing a sample containing a sialic-acid-containing glycan including a sialic-acid-linkage specific modification, based on mass spectrum data of the sample, including steps of: detecting, from the mass spectrum data, a representative peak for each isotope peak cluster; detecting, from the representative peaks, an isomer peak cluster including multiple ion peaks estimated to be identical in the number of sialic acids and the glycan composition exclusive of the sialic acids; estimating a glycan composition for each representative peak according to predetermined glycan search conditions; creating a mass spectrum with an annotation added for each isomer peak cluster to indicate a correspondence between each peak in one cluster and a peak in a mass spectrum, and displaying the annotated mass spectrum on a display section; and creating a table relating each estimated glycan-composition candidate to an isomer peak cluster, and displaying the table on the display section.

An enzymatic extraction agent, as well as methods, compositions and kits for detecting Group A Streptococcus in a biological sample, which involve the enzymatic agent, are described.