A continuous glucose monitoring system may utilize externally sourced information regarding the physiological state and ambient environment of its user for externally calibrating sensor glucose measurements. Externally sourced factory calibration information may be utilized, where the information is generated by comparing metrics obtained from the data used to generate the sensor's glucose sensing algorithm to similar data obtained from each batch of sensors to be used with the algorithm in the future. The output sensor glucose value of a glucose sensor may also be estimated by analytically optimizing input sensor signals to accurately correct for changes in sensitivity, run-in time, glucose current dips, and other variable sensor wear effects. Correction actors, fusion algorithms, EIS, and advanced ASICs may be used to implement the foregoing, thereby achieving the goal of improved accuracy and reliability without the need for blood-glucose calibration, and providing a calibration-free, or near calibration-free, sensor.

Disclosed herein is a chemical sensing system, comprising: a sensor configured to adsorb an analyte; an electronic circuit to operate the sensor; and a microcontroller in communication with the sensor and the electronic circuit. The microcontroller can also be configured to provide a real-time signal indicative of a concentration of the analyte. The sensor can comprise a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonator and a sensing film configured to adsorb the analyte, the sensing film coating at least a portion of the sensor. The MEMS resonator can comprise a second sensor, such as an impedimetric sensor to measure at least a second property of the sensing film. The electronic circuit can process signals stemming from at least two properties of the same sensing film, such as the changes in mass and dielectric constant of the same sensing film due to adsorption of analyte.

A gas sensing assembly includes a sensing material to be placed in contact with a fluid sample, electrodes coupled with the sensing material that apply an electric field to the sensing material across the electrodes, a heating element that controls a temperature of the sensing material while the sensing material is in contact with the fluid sample, and sensing circuitry to control application of the electric field to the sensing material via the electrodes at an alternating current frequency range in the presence of an uncontrolled ambient temperature and at an elevated alternating current frequency range. The sensing circuitry measures one or more electrical responses of the sensing material responsive to applying the electric field at the alternating current frequency range and at the elevated alternating current frequency range. The sensing circuitry detects presence of a gas in the fluid sample based on the one or more electrical responses.

The presence of analytes can be detected in the bodily fluid using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) or Electrochemical Capacitance Spectroscopy (ECS) in devices, such as handheld point-of-care devices. The devices, as well as systems and methods, utilize using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) or Electrochemical Capacitance Spectroscopy (EIS) in combination with an antibody or other target-capturing molecule on a working electrode. Imaginary impedance or phase shift, as well as background subtraction, also may be utilized.

A dielectric spectrometer includes an apparatus main body including a dielectric and in which a flow channel is formed and a probe including a high frequency line. The probe measures a dielectric constant of an object substance as an electrical signal and penetrates the apparatus main body, one end that is an open end of the probe functions as a detection terminal that is exposed to inside the flow channel, and a fringe is formed at the detection terminal of the probe.

A solution for evaluating a medium using electrical signals is described. A plurality of electrical signals having different frequencies are transmitted through the medium and signal data corresponding to the electrical signals after having traveled through the medium is acquired. A complex impedance and a complex permittivity and/or complex conductivity can be calculated for the medium. A set of characteristics of the medium can be computed using mixing models and/or known information of the medium. A level of one or more attributes of the medium can be determined from the characteristics using nonparametric Bayesian inference. One particular application is directed to determining a nitrate level of soil.

Methods for detecting one or more analytes in a sample utilizing Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurement. In one method, analyte detection includes comparing an imaginary impedance measurement to a calibration curve of concentrations for each target analyte. The calibration curve of concentrations for each target analyte is established at an optimal frequency. In another method, a signal decoupling algorithm is utilized for detection of more than one analyte on an electrode.

Described methods and systems are used for in-situ impedance spectroscopy analysis of battery cells in multi-cell battery packs. Specifically, the cell impedances are determined while the pack continues to operate, such as being charged or discharged. For example, the pack voltage/power output remains unchanged while this analysis is initiated, performed, and ended. Cell impedance is determined based on the cell's response to the signal applied to the cell. For example, a current through the cell is charged while monitoring cells' voltage response. Although the power output of the changes during this testing, but the operation of the pack is not impacted due to the power compensation provided by one or more other cells in the pack thereby ensuring uninterrupted operation of the pack. This in situ testing is provided by the unique architecture of the pack, comprising multiple nodes and individual node controllers.

Provided is a metal property measurement system and method. Impedance tomography can be performed by means of magnetic field signals reflected from a metal by applying various frequencies to the metal component, and crack or heat treatment defect inspection, classification, correction inspection, and the like for the component can be performed by means of magnetic resonance, without having to strike the component, by using a magnetic resonance sensor for measuring impedance by generating magnetic resonance by applying multi-frequency currents.

An electric energy supply system having at least one cell element, which contains at least one galvanic cell, and having a measuring circuit, which is configured to ascertain at least one parameter of the at least one cell element by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The disclosure provides that the energy supply system comprises an electrochemical gas sensor and the gas sensor is connected to the measuring circuit via a toggle switch, wherein the measuring circuit is configured to apply an electric variable as the excitation variable in the gas sensor and to detect another electric variable as the measured variable at the gas sensor and to ascertain a gas concentration in the surroundings of the gas sensor.