The inventive disclosures are directed to a factory-controlled process for making improved, risk-optimized commercial-building waterproofing systems. The improved waterproofing-panel systems also include improved intrinsic leak-detection capabilities.

The present application belongs to the technical field of monitoring of durability of concrete, and particularly relates to a method for optimizing a structure of an electrical capacitance tomography sensor and analyzing an electromagnetic field. A specific process of the method includes eight steps: parameter setting, geometric setting, material setting, mesh generation, physical field setting, solution, sensor structure optimization and calculation of electromagnetic field distribution. The method proposes a new concept for solving a forward problem of an ECT system based on COMSOL software. After modeling is completed, uniformity of a sensitive field of the ECT sensor is analyzed according to calculation results, and structural parameter values of components of the ECT sensor are adjusted to seek an optimal design scheme.

An electronic panel includes a base substrate having a first area, a second area adjacent to the first area, and a third area adjacent to the second area, a plurality of sensing electrodes in the second area, a plurality of sensing lines in the third area and electrically connected to the plurality of sensing electrodes, a crack sensing pattern in the first area and spaced apart from the plurality of sensing electrodes, a crack sensing line in the third area and spaced apart from the plurality of sensing lines, and a connection line connecting the crack sensing pattern to the crack sensing line via the second area and including a floating portion, wherein the floating portion is at the same layer as the crack sensing pattern and is spaced apart from the plurality of sensing electrodes.

An electronic panel includes a base substrate having a first area, a second area adjacent to the first area, and a third area adjacent to the second area, a plurality of sensing electrodes in the second area, a plurality of sensing lines in the third area and electrically connected to the plurality of sensing electrodes, a crack sensing pattern in the first area and spaced apart from the plurality of sensing electrodes, a crack sensing line in the third area and spaced apart from the plurality of sensing lines, and a connection line connecting the crack sensing pattern to the crack sensing line via the second area and including a floating portion, wherein the floating portion is at the same layer as the crack sensing pattern and is spaced apart from the plurality of sensing electrodes.

A method and system for integrity testing of sachets. The method comprises the steps of disposing at least a portion of the sachet relative to an electrode structure; applying an AC bias voltage to the electrode structure; measuring an electrical property of the portion of the sachet over a frequency range, and determining the integrity based on the measured electrical property over the frequency range.

A method and system for integrity testing of sachets. The method comprises the steps of disposing at least a portion of the sachet relative to an electrode structure; applying an AC bias voltage to the electrode structure; measuring an electrical property of the portion of the sachet over a frequency range, and determining the integrity based on the measured electrical property over the frequency range.

A sensor includes: a hole; a sensing area formed around the hole, wherein at least one sensor is in the sensing area; and a crack detector configured to output a first crack signal if a comparison value obtained by comparing a detected value from the at least one sensor with a reference value exceeds an error range.

A sensor includes: a hole; a sensing area formed around the hole, wherein at least one sensor is in the sensing area; and a crack detector configured to output a first crack signal if a comparison value obtained by comparing a detected value from the at least one sensor with a reference value exceeds an error range.

Apparatus (200) for detecting corrosion of a coating (250) of an object (216), the apparatus comprising: an electrically conductive body (202) defining a cavity (204) for containing an electrolyte (206), the body (202) arranged to be, in use, in electrically conductive contact with the object (216) and arranged to isolate, in use, the electrolyte (206) from the object; and a first electrode (208) within the cavity (204), the first electrode (208) for electrical connection to a potentiostat (402) or to a galvanostat and arranged to be, in use, in electrical contact with the electrolyte (206) in the cavity (204); wherein the body (202) comprises a first part (222) and a second part (224), the second part (224) being slidably movable relative to the first part (222) between a retracted position and an extended position.

Apparatus (200) for detecting corrosion of a coating (250) of an object (216), the apparatus comprising: an electrically conductive body (202) defining a cavity (204) for containing an electrolyte (206), the body (202) arranged to be, in use, in electrically conductive contact with the object (216) and arranged to isolate, in use, the electrolyte (206) from the object; and a first electrode (208) within the cavity (204), the first electrode (208) for electrical connection to a potentiostat (402) or to a galvanostat and arranged to be, in use, in electrical contact with the electrolyte (206) in the cavity (204); wherein the body (202) comprises a first part (222) and a second part (224), the second part (224) being slidably movable relative to the first part (222) between a retracted position and an extended position.