A multi-sensor system may include a catheter that has lumen, is flexible, is made of a polymer, and has a circular cross section that has an outer diameter of no more than 0.5 cm; and one or more sensors that sense multiple characteristics of material flowing within the lumen, including at least two of the following: flow rate, pressure, and composition of the material. A multi-sensor system may include a catheter that has lumen, is flexible, is made of a polymer, and has a circular cross section that has an outer diameter of no more than 0.5 cm; and one or more sensors that sense multiple characteristics of material flowing within the lumen, including at least two of the following: flow rate, pressure, and composition of the material.

A water quality measurement apparatus is provided. The apparatus comprises an electrochemical cell, a pH sensor, a temperature sensor, a control circuit, a power source, a database, and a warning device. The electrochemical cell comprises a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode. The control circuit provides predetermined adjustable potentials between the reference electrode and the working electrode and measures electrochemical currents between the working electrode and the counter electrode, to form a current diagram based on the predetermined adjustable potentials and the electrochemical currents. The database stores predetermined reference diagrams based on various pH values and temperatures, and is in communication with the control circuit. The warning device is configured to output warnings, wherein the control circuit triggers the warning device in the condition that the current diagram exceeds the predetermined reference diagram based on the same range of the pH values and the temperatures.

The present disclosure refers to a sensor assembly for an IVD analyzer, the sensor comprising two opposite substrates with at least one fluidic conduit for receiving a sample. The electrodes of different types of electrochemical sensors are arranged on the two opposite substrates facing the at least one fluidic conduit for coming in contact with the sample and determining sample parameters, wherein the counter electrodes and the reference electrodes are formed on one substrate and the working electrodes are formed on the opposite substrate. This achieves optimal sensor-working conditions in terms of a homogeneous and symmetrical electric field density and enables a sensor assembly with simpler geometry and smaller size.

A measuring apparatus for determining at least one measurand of a measuring medium includes a first measuring device including a first measuring sensor structured to contact the measuring medium and configured to detect measured values of the at least one measurand, the first measuring device embodied to determine a first measured value that is dependent on the at least one measurand of the measuring medium, a sampling device structured to remove a sample from the measuring medium, a second measuring device including a second measuring sensor and embodied to determine a second measured value that is dependent on the least one measurand of the sample, and an electronic control apparatus configured to receive and process the first and second measured value and to perform a verification, calibration and/or adjustment of the first measuring device using the second measured value.

A measuring apparatus for determining at least one measurand of a measuring medium includes a first measuring device including a first measuring sensor structured to contact the measuring medium and configured to detect measured values of the at least one measurand, the first measuring device embodied to determine a first measured value that is dependent on the at least one measurand of the measuring medium, a sampling device structured to remove a sample from the measuring medium, a second measuring device including a second measuring sensor and embodied to determine a second measured value that is dependent on the least one measurand of the sample, and an electronic control apparatus configured to receive and process the first and second measured value and to perform a verification, calibration and/or adjustment of the first measuring device using the second measured value.

A gas measuring device (100) measures cyanogen in the presence of hydrogen cyanide. The gas measuring device (100) includes a measuring chamber (101), a heating element (103, 203) and an electrochemical sensor (105, 200). The measuring chamber (101) is configured to receive a sample. The heating element (103) is configured to thermally decompose cyanogen contained in the sample into decomposition products. The sensor (105, 200) is configured to detect the decomposition products of cyanogen, which are obtained by the thermal decomposition. A process measures cyanogen in the presence of hydrogen cyanide.

A gas measuring device (100) measures cyanogen in the presence of hydrogen cyanide. The gas measuring device (100) includes a measuring chamber (101), a heating element (103, 203) and an electrochemical sensor (105, 200). The measuring chamber (101) is configured to receive a sample. The heating element (103) is configured to thermally decompose cyanogen contained in the sample into decomposition products. The sensor (105, 200) is configured to detect the decomposition products of cyanogen, which are obtained by the thermal decomposition. A process measures cyanogen in the presence of hydrogen cyanide.

A system and method for measuring concentration of oxidation ions in a solution includes a conduit that contains the solution at least temporarily, a pH sensor associated with the conduit and configured to provide a pH signal indicative of a pH of the solution, an oxidation reduction probe (ORP) associated with the conduit and configured to provide an ORP signal indicative of an oxidation reduction of the solution, and a controller configured to receive and process the pH signal and the ORP signal, wherein the controller calculates a concentration of oxidation ions in the solution based on the pH and ORP signals.

A system and method for measuring concentration of oxidation ions in a solution includes a conduit that contains the solution at least temporarily, a pH sensor associated with the conduit and configured to provide a pH signal indicative of a pH of the solution, an oxidation reduction probe (ORP) associated with the conduit and configured to provide an ORP signal indicative of an oxidation reduction of the solution, and a controller configured to receive and process the pH signal and the ORP signal, wherein the controller calculates a concentration of oxidation ions in the solution based on the pH and ORP signals.

Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions.