A CuV.sub.2O.sub.6-based photoelectric sensor is prepared through the following steps: acquiring a CuV.sub.2O.sub.6 thin film through a direct-current reactive magnetron co-sputtering method; and loading an 8-hydroxyquinoline solution on the CuV.sub.2O.sub.6 thin film through a spin-coating method to acquire an 8-hydroxyquinoline-modified CuV.sub.2O.sub.6 photoelectric sensor. The 8-hydroxyquinoline-modified CuV.sub.2O.sub.6 photoelectric sensor has a good anti-interference capability in the detection of arginine; it is easy to realize the low-cost mass production of CuV.sub.2O.sub.6 photoelectrodes through a developed direct-current reactive magnetron sputtering coating method; and a sensor device is low in cost, simple, portable, and easy to use, and has an application value in food safety and health and hygiene detection.

An apparatus, a system, sensor, and a method for determining dissolved oxygen content in air and aqueous medium are disclosed herein. The dissolved oxygen content may be determined by irradiating the sensor comprising at least a photo-oxidizable compound by a light irradiation source, wherein the irradiation enables the photo-oxidizable compound to change its luminescent properties based upon photo-oxidation thereby enabling the quantification of the dissolved oxygen content in the medium. The dissolved oxygen content may be captured via the impedance response generated by interdigitated conducting electrode patterns included in the sensor. The dissolved oxygen content registered by the interdigitated conducting electrode patterns may be transmitted to a user device via a short range or long-range communication via an electronic circuit embedded within the sensor.

A sensor for measuring a pH value of a measuring liquid includes: a sensor element including a surface adapted to the measuring liquid; a radiation source configured to emit electromagnetic transmission radiation to the sensor element, wherein at least a portion of the transmission radiation is converted into measurement radiation by reflection and/or scattering in a region of the surface; a radiation receiver configured to receive the measurement radiation and convert it into electrical signals; and a measuring circuit configured to determine the pH value from signals, wherein a wavelength of at least a portion of the transmission radiation generates charge carriers in at least a surface region or a near-surface region of the surface of the sensor element as to effect a photoelectrochemical reaction with formation of hydrogen at the surface.

A coated electrode includes an electrode, a coating configured to immobilize biomolecules, and a coating configured to improve electron transfer rate. Methods of making the coated electrode are also provided. A biosensor comprises a plurality of electrodes, each electrode including the coated electrode.

A system for rapid analysis of a fluid sample for detection of at least one viable microbial organism therein. The system comprises a cartridge that is demountably engageable with a reader component. The cartridge has a first well receiving a fluid sample, with a second well and third well imbedded under portions of the first well. The second well has a sensor configured to send a reference signal to the reader component, while the third well has a sensor configured to send a sample signal to the reader component. When in use, the cartridge is engaged with the reader component and a fluid sample is placed into the first well. The reader component controllably illuminates the third well and comprises a detector that detects differences in photocurrent and/or spectra between the reference signal and the sample signal from the illuminated third well.

According to one embodiment, a biosensor includes a substrate and a sensor matrix that is present in a two-dimensional region on the substrate. The sensor matrix includes a plurality of basic blocks. Each of the basic blocks includes at least three types of sensor elements.

Various samples are generated on a substrate. The samples each includes or consists of one or more analytes. In some instances, the samples are generated through the use of gels or through vapor deposition techniques. The samples are used in an instrument for screening large numbers of analytes by locating the samples between a working electrode and a counter electrode assembly. The instrument also includes one or more light sources for illuminating each of the samples. The instrument is configured to measure the photocurrent formed through a sample as a result of the illumination of the sample.

Provided herein are systems and methods for the detection, quantification, and/or monitoring of analytes in samples. The systems and methods can be used, for example, to track the deposition and electrochemical behavior of individual nanoparticles and nanoparticles clusters clusters in situ with high spatial and temporal resolution. The systems and methods can be used to track the deposition and oxidation of several hundreds to thousands of nanoparticles simultaneously and reconstruct their voltammetric curves at the single nanoparticle level.

A sensor comprising an elongate member comprising an electrochemical sensor comprising an electrochemical filament extending along the length of the elongate member, wherein the elongate member comprises a fibre formed from a drawable material.

According to one embodiment of the invention, an electrode evaluation method includes applying a voltage to an electrode with at least a part of the electrode including silver in contact with a liquid including an anion. The electrode evaluation method includes measuring a sheet resistance of the electrode after the applying.