Method and system for detecting drug and/or drug metabolites in a liquid sample, such as a wastewater sample. According to one embodiment, the method involves providing a device that includes a graphene field effect transistor and a first aptamer coupled to the graphene field effect transistor in a first well, the first aptamer being selective for a first drug or drug metabolite. Next, a liquid sample is introduced to the first aptamer of the device. Next, a sweeping liquid gate voltage is applied to the device to obtain a resistance versus liquid gate voltage plot for the device. Next, the Dirac voltage shift, if any, in the liquid gate voltage plot for the device is used to determine the presence and/or quantity of the drug or drug metabolite. Additional aptamers selective for different drugs or drug metabolites of interest may also be included in other wells of the device.

The gel made of graphene oxide co-doped with boron nitrogen can be functionalized with a receptor, can be passivated by a passivation agent, and can have particular expressions of bonds to favor charge carrier mobility. The gel can be used in the context of a sensor via the interaction between the receptor and an analyte to be detected.

Provided is an electrical property measuring device capable of increasing reliability of evaluation of electrical properties of 3D structures such as living tissues and biomimetic structures and simplifying a measurement process by improving an ion concentration gradient caused by an ion concentration polarization phenomenon. The electrical property measuring device includes an ion-selective permeable membrane having a porous structure; and a non-uniform microchannel spaced apart from the ion-selective permeable membrane and including a plurality of parallelly arranged flow channels through which a fluid passes, wherein cross-sectional areas of the flow channels are different.

Closed-loop systems and methods for controlling pH. The system includes a working electrode, a counter electrode, a reference electrode, a first ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET), a second ISFET, and an electronic controller. The working electrode, the counter electrode, the reference electrode, and a first sensing terminal of the first ISFET are immersible in an active solution. A second sensing terminal of the second ISFET is immersible in a reference solution. The electronic controller is configured to apply a first amount of current or voltage to the working electrode and determine a differential voltage between the first ISFET and the second ISFET. The electronic controller is also configured to set a second amount of current or voltage to reduce a difference between the differential voltage and a target voltage. The electronic controller is further configured to apply the second amount of current or voltage to the working electrode.

A sensor array includes a plurality of sensors. A sensor of the plurality of sensors has a sensor pad exposed at a surface of the sensor array. A method of treating the sensor array includes exposing at least the sensor pad to a wash solution including sulfonic acid and an organic solvent and rinsing the wash solution from the sensor pad.

In one example, a sensor includes a heterojunction bipolar transistor and component sensing surface coupled to the heterojunction bipolar transistor via an extended base component. In another example, a biosensor for detecting a target analyte includes a heterojunction bipolar transistor and a sensing surface. The heterojunction bipolar transistor includes a semiconductor emitter including an emitter electrode for connecting to an emitter voltage, a semiconductor collector including a collector electrode for connecting to a collector voltage, and a semiconductor base positioned between the semiconductor emitter and the semiconductor collector. The sensing surface is coupled to the semiconductor base of the heterojunction bipolar transistor via an extended base component and includes a conducting film and a reference electrode.

A pixel circuit acts as a sensing element in a sensing device. The pixel circuit includes a sensing electrode, a first gate electrically connected to the sensing electrode, a second gate in electrical communication with the first gate, and a readout device that is electrically connected to the second gate. An input voltage applied to the sensing electrode is amplified between the first gate and the second gate, the amplification being measured as an output signal from the readout device to perform a sensing operation. For example, the output signal may be relatable to pH, analyte measurements, or other properties of sample liquids analyzed by the sensing device. A sensing device may include multiple pixels disposed on a substrate, each pixel including said pixel circuit. Driver circuits controlled by control electronics are configured to generate signals that selectively address the pixels and to read out voltages at the sensing electrodes.

A sensor may include a prism having a first face; a metal first layer covering, via a contact face, the first face; a light source; and a matrix-array detector; the device may include a dielectric second layer on which rests a transistor including a sheet made of a two-dimensional material, intended to form a channel region, a front face of the sheet comprising a specific functionalization via which specific targets are liable to be adsorbed, the specific functionalization being suitable for placing the adsorbed specific targets at a smaller distance Dd below which detection via electrical measurement by means of the specific transistor and via measurement of resonance of surface plasmons is possible.

A sensor comprising a field-effect transistor of a semiconducting material in two-dimensional nanosheets having an interfacial nanoarchitecture comprising a recognition element, a structural element and a polymeric coating, a gate electrode of the transistor being coplanar with a drain electrode and a source electrode of the transistor; a system using the sensor and methods of preparation and use thereof. The disclosed sensor has increased stability and an interfacial nanoarchitecture suitable for the immobilization of a broad number of recognition elements without loss of their biological activity.

The present disclosure describes a throughput-scalable image sensing system for analyzing biological or chemical samples is provided. The system includes a plurality of image sensors configured to detect at least a portion of light emitted as a result of analyzing the biological or chemical samples. The plurality of image sensors is arranged on a plurality of wafer-level packaged semiconductor dies of a single semiconductor wafer. Each image sensor of the plurality of image sensors is disposed on a separate packaged semiconductor die of the plurality of packaged semiconductor dies. Neighboring packaged semiconductor dies are separated by a dicing street; and the plurality of packaged semiconductor dies and a plurality of dicing streets are arranged such that the plurality of packaged semiconductor dies can be diced from the single semiconductor wafer as a group.