Method and system for detecting drug and/or drug metabolites in a liquid sample, such as a wastewater sample. According to one embodiment, the method involves providing a device that includes a graphene field effect transistor and a first aptamer coupled to the graphene field effect transistor in a first well, the first aptamer being selective for a first drug or drug metabolite. Next, a liquid sample is introduced to the first aptamer of the device. Next, a sweeping liquid gate voltage is applied to the device to obtain a resistance versus liquid gate voltage plot for the device. Next, the Dirac voltage shift, if any, in the liquid gate voltage plot for the device is used to determine the presence and/or quantity of the drug or drug metabolite. Additional aptamers selective for different drugs or drug metabolites of interest may also be included in other wells of the device.

The techniques relate to methods and apparatus for sensing an analyte. At least one sensor element is configured to sense an analyte, the at least one sensor element comprising a first portion and a second portion. A first current electrode is attached to the first portion and a second current electrode is attached to the second portion. A first measurement electrode is attached to the first portion and a second measurement electrode is attached to the second portion.

The gel made of graphene oxide co-doped with boron nitrogen can be functionalized with a receptor, can be passivated by a passivation agent, and can have particular expressions of bonds to favor charge carrier mobility. The gel can be used in the context of a sensor via the interaction between the receptor and an analyte to be detected.

Provided is an electrical property measuring device capable of increasing reliability of evaluation of electrical properties of 3D structures such as living tissues and biomimetic structures and simplifying a measurement process by improving an ion concentration gradient caused by an ion concentration polarization phenomenon. The electrical property measuring device includes an ion-selective permeable membrane having a porous structure; and a non-uniform microchannel spaced apart from the ion-selective permeable membrane and including a plurality of parallelly arranged flow channels through which a fluid passes, wherein cross-sectional areas of the flow channels are different.

A sensor comprising a field-effect transistor of a semiconducting material in two-dimensional nanosheets having an interfacial nanoarchitecture comprising a recognition element, a structural element and a polymeric coating, a gate electrode of the transistor being coplanar with a drain electrode and a source electrode of the transistor; a system using the sensor and methods of preparation and use thereof. The disclosed sensor has increased stability and an interfacial nanoarchitecture suitable for the immobilization of a broad number of recognition elements without loss of their biological activity.

The present invention relates to methods for creating conductive nanojunctions using metalized or conductive polymer joined to a DNA nanowire in a nanodevice for chemosensing and biosensing.

A method of operating a pore field-effect transistor (FET) sensor for detecting particles, wherein the pore FET sensor comprises a FET wherein a gate is controlled by a pore filled by a fluid, comprises: controlling a first voltage (V.sub.cis) to set the FET in a subthreshold region; controlling a second voltage (V.sub.trans) to set a voltage difference between the first and second voltages (V.sub.trans) such that an effective difference in gate voltage experienced between a minimum and a maximum effective gate voltage during movement of a particle in the fluid is at least kT/q; and detecting a drain-source current in the FET, wherein the particle passing through the pore modulates the drain-source current for detecting presence of the particle.

A molecular detection apparatus of an embodiment includes: a first detector which includes a first sensor containing a MOF having a fluorescence emitting property, a light source which irradiates the MOF with light, and a light receiver which receives fluorescence from the MOF; a second detector which includes a sensor layer electrodes electrically connected with the sensor layer; and a type discrimination and concentration calculation part which discriminates a type of the molecules to be detected based on a measurement result measured by the first detector, and calculates a concentration of the molecules a measurement result measured by the second detector based on a discrimination result of a type of the molecules.

A multiple functioning superconductive device was invented based on Toroidal Josephson Junction (FFTJJ) array with 3D-cage structure self-assembled organo-metallic superlattice membrane. The device not only mimics the structure and function of an activated Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) protein, but also mimics the cylinder structure of the Heat Shock Protein (HSP60) protein, that works at room temperature under a normal atmosphere, and without external electromagnetic power applied. The device enabled direct rapid real-time monitoring atto-molarity concentration ATP in biological specimens and was able to define the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory status revealed a transitional range of ATP concentration under antibody-free, tracer-free and label-free conditions.

A sensor includes a working electrode in contact with an analyte solution; an amplifier including: a source terminal; a drain terminal; a back gate terminal; and nanowires, each nanowire electrically connecting the source terminal to the drain terminal; and an insulator having a first side and a second side. The working electrode is positioned to the first side of the insulator. The source terminal, the drain terminal, and the nanowires are positioned to the second side of the insulator. The insulator prevents direct electrical contact between the working electrode, the analyte solution and either the source terminal, the drain terminal, or the nanowires. The working electrode is configured such that, when a chemical species is present in the analyte solution, a variation in an electrical field at a location of the nanowires is induced, inducing a corresponding variation in an electrical current between the source terminal and the drain terminal.