A permeative amine/acid introduction device (PAID) is placed after a conventional KOH eluent suppressed conductometric anion chromatography (SCAC) system. The PAID converts the suppressed eluites from the acid form to the corresponding salt. For example, when the analytes are acids, they are converted to the corresponding ammonium salt (NR.sub.2H+HX.fwdarw.NR.sub.2H.sub.2.sup.++X.sup.−) and allows very weak acids HX (pK.sub.a≥7.0) that cannot normally be detected by SCAC to be measured by a second conductivity detector following the PAID. Permeative reagent introduction is dilutionless, can be operated without pumps and provides good mixing with low band dispersion (as small as 30 μL). An exemplary amine is diethylamine (DEA), which was chosen as the amine source due to its low pK.sub.b value (pK.sub.b 3.0), high vapor pressure, and low toxicity and low odor.

The present disclosure describes a measuring system, comprising: a housing; a first chamber formed in the housing; arranged in the first chamber, a measuring cell, which includes a container embodied for receiving an electrolyte and at least one electrode for potentiometric and/or amperometric measurements, wherein the at least one electrode has a first section, which is arranged within the container, and a second section, which extends out from the container into the first chamber; and a temperature regulating apparatus, which is embodied to produce a temperature-controlled gas stream moving through the first chamber and flowing around the measuring cell, especially the container and the section of the at least one electrode extending from the container lid into the first chamber.

The present disclosure describes a measuring system, comprising: a housing; a first chamber formed in the housing; arranged in the first chamber, a measuring cell, which includes a container embodied for receiving an electrolyte and at least one electrode for potentiometric and/or amperometric measurements, wherein the at least one electrode has a first section, which is arranged within the container, and a second section, which extends out from the container into the first chamber; and a temperature regulating apparatus, which is embodied to produce a temperature-controlled gas stream moving through the first chamber and flowing around the measuring cell, especially the container and the section of the at least one electrode extending from the container lid into the first chamber.

An electrophoresis running tank assembly uses two opposed rows of LEDs to illuminate DNA-containing gel on a transparent tray positioned between the rows. A respective cylindrical lens is positioned horizontally between each row and a respective edge of the tray. The optical axis of the illumination light is midway between a bottom surface of the gel tray and a top surface of the gel.

A method for enriching a heterogeneous population of cells includes loading one or more sample chambers containing DEP electrodes therein with a solution containing the heterogeneous population of cells, wherein the heterogeneous population of cells comprises a first subpopulation of cells having a first crossover frequency and a second subpopulation of cells having a second, higher crossover frequency. An AC electrical field is applied to the DEP electrodes, wherein the AC electrical field has an applied frequency that is between the crossover frequency of the first subpopulation of cells and the second subpopulation of cells, wherein the first subpopulation of cells are substantially killed by the applied electrical field and the second subpopulation of cells are substantially not killed by the applied electrical field.

An oil removal device for removing oil from a stream (103) of oil-separated sample droplets (104) is disclosed. The oil removal device comprises a sample delivery channel (101) for conducting the stream of sample droplets to an outlet (102). A porous, hydrophobic and oleophilic absorber element (106) is arranged at the outlet of the sample delivery channel so as to absorb the oil phase (105) from the stream of oil-separated sample droplets. The oil removal device can be used in two-dimensional separation techniques such as LC-MS, LC-CE, CE-CE etc.

An embodiment provides a method for measuring a characteristic of an aqueous sample, including: introducing the aqueous sample to a titration region and a reaction region of a measurement device, wherein the titration region comprises a pH electrode and a protonator electrode contacting a first portion of an aqueous sample, wherein the reaction region comprises a counter electrode contacting a second portion of the aqueous sample; placing an electrolyte reservoir in a state of electrical continuity with the titration region and the reaction region, wherein the electrolyte reservoir comprises a reference electrode, wherein the volume of the electrolyte reservoir comprises a large volume of an electrolyte; and determining a characteristic of the aqueous sample by measuring an electrochemical characteristic between the reference electrode and at least one of: the pH electrode and the counter electrode. Other aspects are described and claimed.

An embodiment provides a method for digesting at least one analyte of an aqueous sample, including: introducing an aqueous sample comprising at least one analyte into a digestion device comprising one or more carbon substituted material electrodes; digesting the at least one analyte by applying an electrical potential between an anode and a cathode of the digestion device, wherein the digesting comprises a step-wise disintegration; measuring the at least one analyte of the aqueous sample from the digested material, using a measurement device selected from the group consisting of: an electrochemical device and an optical measurement device; and modifying the electrical potential based upon the measurement of the at least one analyte. Other aspects are described and claimed.

A hand-held microfluidic testing device is provided that includes a housing having a cartridge receiving port, a cartridge for input to the cartridge receiving port having a sample input and a channel, where the channel includes a mixture of Raman-scattering nanoparticles and a calibration solution, where the calibration solution includes chemical compounds capable of interacting with a sample under test input to the cartridge and the Raman-scattering nanoparticles, and an optical detection system in the housing, where the optical detection system is capable of providing an illuminated electric field, where the illuminating electric field is capable of being used for Raman spectroscopy with the Raman-scattering nanoparticles and the calibration solution to analyze the sample under test input to the cartridge.

A method for cleaning, conditioning, calibration, adjustment and conditioning of an amperometric sensor of a measuring device includes generating a conditioning agent in the measuring device, wherein either an oxidising agent which is reduced at the working electrode or a reducing agent which is oxidised at the working electrode is used as conditioning agent.