Disclosed are methods for performing capillary electrophoresis on two or more nucleic acid samples. The methods employ a forward voltage to move a first sample forward from an inlet to an interrogation region in the capillary, then a backward voltage to move the first sample backward, and then a forward voltage again to move the first sample and a second sample forward. Systems and apparatuses for performing capillary electrophoresis are also provided.

Devices and methods for characterization of analyte mixtures are provided. Some methods described herein include performing enrichment steps on a device before expelling enriched analyte fractions from the device for subsequent analysis. Also included are devices for performing these enrichment steps.

Devices, systems, and methods for applying a dielectrophoretic force on a particle include: a cell defining at least one channel for confining the particle; and a first electrode and a second electrode electrically isolated from the first electrode, at least one of the first and second electrodes being formed from a two-dimensional (2D) material providing an atomically sharp edge. The first and second electrodes are arranged sufficiently close to one another and sufficiently close to the channel such that application of a sufficient voltage across the first and second electrodes generates an electric field in at least part of the channel, the electric field having an electric field gradient sufficient to apply the dielectrophoretic force on the particle in the channel.

In order to provide a highly sensitive capillary electrophoresis device, a light source, a mirror configured to cause light emitted from the light source to be reciprocally transmitted through a capillary, and a measurement photodiode detecting an optical signal based on the light reciprocally transmitted through the capillary are provided.

This electrophoresis system includes an electrophoresis apparatus, an analysis apparatus, and a display unit. The analysis apparatus is configured to switch between a detailed display state in which a plurality of analysis result check displays including at least the gel image display are displayed in a result display area of the display unit and an enlarged display state in which only the gel image display among the plurality of analysis result check displays is enlarged and displayed in the result display area of the display unit.

An integrated semiconductor device for manipulating and processing bio-entity samples and methods are described. The device includes a lower substrate, at least one optical signal conduit disposed on the lower substrate, at least one cap bonding pad disposed on the lower substrate, a cap configured to form a capped area, and disposed on the at least one cap bonding pad, a fluidic channel, wherein a first side of the fluidic channel is formed on the lower substrate and a second side of the fluidic channel is formed on the cap, a photosensor array coupled to sensor control circuitry, and logic circuitry coupled to the fluidic control circuitry, and the sensor control circuitry.

An assembly is provided for interfacing with a microfluidic chip having at least one microscopic channel configured to receive a liquid sample for analysis. The assembly includes a chip carrier, an electronics module, an optical module, and a mechanical module. The chip carrier includes a base and a cover defining a cavity to receive the microfluidic chip. The electronics module includes a signal generator which applies at least one electrokinetic signal electrode(s) of the chip. The optical module includes an excitation radiation source which causes excitation radiation to impinge on the sample, and an emission radiation detector which detects radiation emitted from the sample. The mechanical module includes a chip-carrier receiving structure, relatable with respect to the optical module for focus and at least one degree of translational freedom.

A gel electrophoresis system includes a base module and a camera module. The base module includes a cassette slot for receiving a gel electrophoresis cassette, and a light element that functions to illuminate the gel electrophoresis cassette. The camera module is selectively attachable to and detachable from the base module. When attached to the base module, the camera module facilitates imaging of the gel electrophoresis cassette and provides additional imaging capabilities.

In order to provide a molecular weight marker for electrophoresis that can be simultaneously electrophoresed in a same lane as a sample and can accurately predict an electrophoresis position of the sample, the molecular weight marker for electrophoresis of the present disclosure is characterized by containing a polyelectrolyte that is negatively charged in an aqueous solution and does not serve as a template for a DNA polymerase reaction.

Devices and methods for characterization of analyte mixtures are provided. Some methods described herein include performing enrichment steps on a device before expelling enriched analyte fractions from the device for subsequent analysis. Also included are devices for performing these enrichment steps.