Disclosed is a method for evaluating in vivo protein nutrition based on an LC-MS-MS technique, including the following steps: (1) collecting contents from different intestinal segments, and extracting and isolating protein ingredients; (2) determining the concentration of proteins; (3) treating before carrying out mass spectrometry: including digestion and desalting of a whole protein solution; (4) LC-MS-MS analysis; (5) database searching; and (6) data processing. Proteomic technology is used to identify proteins in the contents of different intestinal segments and digestive products thereof, and the source of the proteins in the contents of different intestinal segments and the contents thereof can be determined therefrom. Through bioinformatic analysis, the function of differential proteins in the body can be further understood, where the gene expression of enzymes related to protein digestion and metabolism may be different, thereby providing a scientific basis for further scientific evaluation of protein digestion and utilization.

The present invention relates to a method for determining the distinctive nutritional requirements of a patient with specific nutritional needs and providing a composition meeting the distinctive nutritional requirements of said patient.

The present invention relates to a method for determining the distinctive nutritional requirements of a patient with specific nutritional needs and providing a composition meeting the distinctive nutritional requirements of said patient.

The present disclosure relates generally to biomarkers and peptide arrays, and, more particularly, to a method of using a peptide array to identify biomarkers for an autoimmune disease such as, e.g., celiac disease. Furthermore, a set of novel biomarkers for celiac disease, having high sensitivity and specificity, are disclosed in addition to method of treatment using the novel biomarkers.

The present invention relates to the fields of life sciences and medicine. Specifically, the invention relates to a method for preparing an extract comprising metabolites such as NAD+, NADP+, NADH and NADPH from a sample of a subject and to a method for determining amounts of NAD+, NADP+, NADH, NADPH, NAD+/NADH ratio, NADPH/NADP+ ratio, NAD pool, and/or NADP pool from a sample obtained from a subject. The present invention also relates to an extract comprising metabolites such as NAD+, NADP+, NADH and NADPH. Also, the present invention relates to a kit comprising an extraction solution, a detection system comprising an electron carrier, chromogen and non-ionic detergent for determining amounts of NAD+, NADP+, NADH, NADPH, NAD+/NADH ratio, NADPH/NADP+ ratio, NAD pool, and/or NADP pool, and optionally GSH, GSSG and/or GSH/GSSG ratio, from a sample of a subject. Still, the present invention relates to use of the kit of the present invention for determining amounts of NAD +, NADP+, NADH, NADPH, NAD+/NADH ratio, NADPH/NADP+ ratio, NAD pool, NADP pool, GSH, GSSG and/or GSH/GSSG ratio or changes thereof in a sample of a subject e.g. for diagnostics purposes or for monitoring changes in health status of a person. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method and kit for determining disorders of a subject.

The invention relates to devices and methods for detecting the presence of antibodies to folic acid in a sample.

The present invention provides a method of modulating appetite and/or body weight in a subject, said method comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of a MIC-1-modulating agent, wherein said agent increases or decreases the amount of MIC-1 present in said subject, or inhibits or enhances the biological activity of MIC-1 present in said subject.

A kit comprising two reagents for conducting two different Assays to measure a zinc-activated enzyme in a bodily fluid. The assay results are utilized to obtain a relative zinc-activated enzyme activity value that can be correlated to tissue zinc levels. A more specific embodiment utilizes two paired reagents for conducting an A Assay and a B Assay that measure different alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in a urine sample to obtain a Relative Renal Alkaline Phosphatase Activity (RRAPA) value. The RRAPA value can be correlated to zinc levels in renal tissue.

Provided herein are antigenic molecules that can be used to generate antibodies capable of binding to a vitamin D derivative, such as 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and/or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, or a 25-hydroxyvitamin D analog, such as a vitamin D-C22 immunogenic molecule or compound. Antibodies produced using these antigenic molecules, and related antigenic compounds, are also described. In addition, disclosed herein are methods for detecting vitamin D deficiency in a subject, methods for treating a subject suspected of having a vitamin D deficiency, methods for monitoring progression of vitamin D deficiency in a subject, and methods for monitoring treatment of vitamin D deficiency in a subject in need thereof. The methods involve the detection or quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3. Also provided are methods and reagents for the detection or quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3, methods for stabilizing vitamin D analogs, and methods for separating 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 from vitamin D binding protein in a biological sample.

The present disclosure generally relates to nanoparticles adsorbed with gliadin molecules. In addition, the present disclosure relates to methods of preparing the nanoparticles adsorbed with gliadin molecules and methods of using said nanoparticles including detecting anti-gliadin 5 antibodies in a sample, diagnosing gluten-related disorders, and other applications.