[Object] To provide a novel examination method for a cancer treatment effect, screening method for a peptide for a cancer vaccine, and peptide and composition for inducing an immune response against cancer. [Solving Means] Provided are an examination method for a cancer treatment effect and a screening method for a peptide for a cancer vaccine each including detecting an antibody against a cancer/testis antigen or an anti-p53 antibody in a sample. It is suitable that an anti-XAGE1 antibody (IgG and/or IgA) be detected, or an anti-NY-ESO-1 antibody (IgG) be detected. Also provided are a novel peptide and novel composition for inducing immune responses against cancer.

[Object] To provide a novel examination method for a cancer treatment effect, screening method fora peptide fora cancer vaccine, and peptide and composition for inducing an immune response against cancer. [Solving Means] Provided are an examination method for a cancer treatment effect and a screening method for a peptide for a cancer vaccine each including detecting an antibody against a cancer/testis antigen or an anti-p53 antibody in a sample. It is suitable that an anti-XAGE1 antibody (IgG and/or IgA) be detected, or an anti-NY-ESO-1 antibody (IgG) be detected. Also provided are a novel peptide and novel composition for inducing immune responses against cancer.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to use of neuregulins to prevent or treat peripheral nerve injury, to attenuate, ameliorate or avoid the loss of peripheral nerve function.

A method of treating hypogonadism in a human male patient comprises the steps of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a testosterone androstane steroid derivative (TASD) such as testosterone cypionate sufficient to maintain a total serum testosterone level within a therapeutic/stabilized range. A therapeutically effective amount of an aromatase inhibitor, such as anastrozole, sufficient to maintain an estradiol level at or below 35 pg/mL and an estrogen level above a predetermined level may be administered. A therapeutically effective amount of aspirin is administered if the patient is determined to have an elevated hemoglobin level. In certain embodiments, the hemoglobin level is determined to be elevated if the hemoglobin level is greater than about 16 g/dL and blood is removed from the patient, in therapeutic amounts, if the hemoglobin level is greater than 17 g/dL. In certain embodiments, the serum total testosterone level therapeutic/stabilized range is between about 605-1051 ng/dL.

A composition for treating hypogonadism comprises testosterone androstane steroid derivative (TASD), an aromatase inhibitor, and a delivery portion (DP). The TASD, aromatase inhibitor, and DP are combined to form a solution adapted to be administered transdermally. The method comprises the steps of administering a therapeutically effective amount of TASD sufficient to maintain a total serum testosterone level within a therapeutic/stabilized range; administering a therapeutically effective amount of an aromatase inhibitor, sufficient to maintain an estradiol level at or below 35 pg/mL, the TASD and aromatase inhibitor administered simultaneously, via spray. Aspirin is administered if the patient is determined to have an elevated hemoglobin level. In certain embodiments, the hemoglobin level is determined to be elevated if the hemoglobin level is greater than or equal to 17 g/dL and, if elevated, blood is removed from the patient, in therapeutic amounts.