The present invention relates to a fluorescence sensor capable of real-time imaging for measuring a cellular thiol level. The present invention reveals that the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent real-time SH group-tracer (FreSH-Tracer) of the present invention increases or decreases continuously, ratiometrically or reversibly depending on the thiol level in living cells, and thus can be usefully used as a biosensor which is remarkably susceptible to quantitative or qualitative real-time detection of the cellular thiol level in living cells.

Provided herein is a fluorescent probe compound of formula (I):

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as well as methods of using said compound.

The invention relates to a method for in vitro investigating mitochondrial replication dysfunction in a biological sample removed from a subject susceptible of suffering from physiological ageing or physiopathological conditions related to physiological ageing, or physiopathological ageing or associated symptoms or conditions, in particular premature ageing or accelerated ageing, or of a progeroid syndrome, such as Cockayne syndrome (CS), or neurodegenerative disorders or symptoms thereof, in which the levels of at least one species selected in the group of: POLG1 protein, POLG1 RNA, POLG2 protein, protease(s) which have POLG as a target, in particular serine protease(s) such as HTRA3 protein, HTRA2 protein and, HTRA3 RNA or HTRA2 RNA, or any combination of these species, are investigated. The invention also relates to kits and uses thereof, therapeutic methods against progeroid-like syndromes or symptoms and screening method for identifying particular protease inhibitor(s) and/or nitroso-redox stress scavenger compound(s) having relevance for the symptoms discussed herein.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for regulating redox status and/or reducing oxidative stress in a subject, the methods and compositions comprising TLR agonists comprising bacterial lysates and/or lysate fractions. Also disclosed are compositions and methods comprising bacterial lysates and/or lysate fractions formulated or administered in combination with one or more other therapeutic or pharmaceutical agents.

Managing and treating elevated OS biomarkers in mammals such as companion animals with at least one of the supplements alpha-lipoic acid, carnitine, co-enzyme Q-10, ginger, green tea, licorice, milk thistle, garlic, honey. resveratrol, soybeans, tomatoes, turmeric, vitamin D, vitamin E or selenium. Diagnosing an oxidative stress (OS) in a mammal comprises collecting a sample; screening the sample to detect the presence of an OS biomarker, selectively isoprostane and other antioxidants such as HODE microRNAs. TAC: GSH, MDA, and TNF-alpha. The sample can be saliva.

Compositions and methods for determining the level of thiol and disulfide containing molecules in a sample are provided. The compositions and methods can be used to determine the level of oxidative stress in a subject with or without antioxidant treatment. Also provided are biomarkers of oxidative stress.

The present invention provides compositions having synergistic antioxidant properties in the modulation of Toll-like receptor signaling for the promotion of homeostasis, immunity, energy conservation, protection of neural cells and anti-inflammatory responses, said compositions comprising plant and/or fruit extracts and a natural sweetener with high oxidation potential as defined by ORAC value.

A formulation including at least one ozonized oil for use in the prevention and/or treatment of a tumour, preferably a malignant tumour is described. The formulation is for use by administration chosen from oral, topical, by injection, and combinations thereof. The tumour is chosen from a solid tumour; a cutaneous tumour; a mucosal tumour; and a liquid tumour.

The present invention provides biomarkers of oxidative stress in subjects with retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, Fuchs' dystrophy, diabetic macular edema (DME), geographic atrophy, Stargardt's disease, or retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and their use in identifying subjects in need of treatment and methods for staging the severity of the disease.

The invention is directed to methods for identifying and treating neuronal injury or neurodegeneration.