The present invention relates to biomarkers that are predictive of renal disease in patients who have diabetes. The present invention also provides methods of using such biomarkers to predict the risk that a diabetic patient will develop renal disease, and/or to identify a patient who has diabetes as being in need of a therapy to prevent or delay the onset of a renal disease.

In some implementations, a system is capable of obtaining and processing both actively monitored and passively monitored data in parallel in order to improve the accuracy and the specificity by which pathological risks are identified for a user. Data indicating measured levels of one or more metabolic biomarkers and activity data associated with a user is obtained. A biological state for the user is determined based on the measured levels of the one or more metabolic biomarkers. One or more user inputs indicated within the activity data, and scores reflecting respective likelihoods that a particular user input indicates a change to one or more aspects of the biological state for the user for each of the one or more user inputs is determined. Data corresponding to the biological state for the user is then adjusted. A communication that is generated based on the adjusted data is then provided for output.

The present invention relates to a method for determining whether or not a subject has a parkinsonian condition, comprising determining the concentration of 2-hydroxypyridine in a sample obtained from the subject, wherein the subject is determined to have, or to be at risk of having the parkinsonian condition, if the determined concentration of 2-hydroxypyridine is increased compared to a control. The present invention further also relates to a method for monitoring the progression of a parkinsonian condition in a subject diagnosed with the parkinsonian condition and a method for assessing the efficacy of treatment of a parkinsonian condition in a subject diagnosed with the parkinsonian condition as well as a kit-of-parts for determining whether or not a subject has a parkinsonian condition.

The invention provides a therapy for lysosomal storage diseases and glycogenosis by treatment with compounds that promote exocytosis, preferably lysosomal exocytosis. The treatment of cells from patients affected by different lysosomal storage disorders with exocytosis activating compounds leads to a decrease in the accumulation of toxic substrate in the lysosomes, thus allowing the treatment, prevention and relief of the symptoms of many lysosomal storage disorders.

The present invention relates to a method of diagnosis or prognosis of a non-healing or chronic wound comprising the step of determining the ratio of carnitine to ceramide and/or ceramide derivative in a sample, or the level of at least one metabolite in a sample.

Disclosed herein are methods and systems for evaluating the bioenergetic poise and bioenergetic capacity of living cells in a single assay.

A method for determining in a sample, by mass spectrometry, the amount of one or more analytes selected from the group consisting of N-acetylthreonine, TMAP, phenylacetylglutamine, tryptophan, creatinine, meso-erythritol, arabitol, myo-inositol, N-acetyl serine, N-acetylalanine, 3-methylhistidine, trans-4-hydroxyproline, kynurenine, urea, C-glycosyltryptophan, 3-indoxyl sulfate, pseudouridine, and combinations thereof is described. The method comprises subjecting the sample to an ionization source under conditions suitable to produce one or more ions detectable by mass spectrometry from each of the one or more of the analytes; measuring, by mass spectrometry, the amount of the one or more ions from each of the one or more analytes; and using the measured amount of the one or more ions to determine the amount of each of the one or more analytes in the sample. Also described is a kit comprising one or more isotopically labeled analogues as internal standards for each of the one or more analytes.

A marker can determine whether or not a patient has a therapeutic response to an anti-cancer agent. A novel cancer therapy employs the marker. The marker can be N-acetylglucosamine, an amino-acid-metabolism-related substance, a nucleic-acid-metabolism-related substance, a substance in the pentose phosphate pathway, a substance in the glycolytic pathway, a substance in the TCA cycle, a polyamine-metabolism-related substance, lauric acid, 6-phosphogluconic acid, butyric acid, 4-methylpyrazole, isobutylamine, glycolic acid, NADH, NAD.sup.+, or a substance involved in the metabolism of any of these substances.

A method for determining in a sample, by mass spectrometry, the amount of one or more analytes is described. The method comprises introducing a sample to an ionization source under conditions suitable to produce one or more ions detectable by mass spectrometry from each of the one or more analytes; measuring, by mass spectrometry, the amount of the one or more ions from each of the one or more analytes and using the measured amount of the one or more ions to determine the amount of each of the one or more analytes in the sample. Also described is a kit comprising one or more isotopically labeled analogues as internal standards for each of the one or more analytes.

Compositions and methods for determining post-transfusion survival or toxicity of red blood cells and the suitability of red blood cell units for transfusion by measuring the levels of one or more markers in a red blood cell sample are provided.