A sensor-enabled geogrid system for and method of monitoring the health, condition, and/or status of pavement and vehicular infrastructure is disclosed. In some embodiments, the sensor-enabled geogrid system includes a sensor-enabled geogrid that further includes a geogrid holding an arrangement of one or more sensors. The sensor-enabled geogrid system further includes a communication means or network for collecting information and/or data from the sensor-enabled geogrid about the health, condition, and/or status of the pavement and vehicular infrastructure. Further, a method of using the presently disclosed sensor-enabled geogrid system for monitoring the health, condition, and/or status of pavement and vehicular infrastructure is provided.

An example material testing machine includes: a first crosshead; a first drive shaft configured to move the first crosshead when actuated; a housing comprising an air inlet and an air outlet; a drive motor within the housing and configured to actuate the first drive shaft; a motor drive circuit configured to provide electrical power to the drive motor; and a motor drive cooling system configured to cool the motor drive circuit, the motor drive cooling system comprising: a cooling fan configured to generate an airflow from the air inlet of the housing to the air outlet of the housing, wherein a total surface area of the air outlet is greater than a total surface area of the air inlet such that an air pressure of the airflow decreases from the air inlet towards the air outlet; a duct configured to direct a path of the airflow between the air inlet and the air outlet; and a heat sink thermally coupled to the motor drive circuit and positioned within the airflow in the duct.

Provided is a casting simulation method capable of expressing influence of different inelastic strains produced at different temperatures on strain hardenability at room temperature. The following amount of effective equivalent inelastic strain ε.sub.effective inelastic is substituted into a constitutive equation in which an amount of equivalent inelastic strain is used as a degree of work hardening:

an amount of effective equivalent inelastic strain ε.sub.effective inelastic=∫.sub.o.sup.t{h.sub.(T)/h.sub.(RT)}{(Δε.sub.inelastic/Δt)}dt

, where T denotes a temperature with inelastic strain, h.sub.(T) denotes an increment of yield strength at room temperature with respect to an amount of inelastic strain at the temperature with inelastic strain, h.sub.(RT) denotes an increment of yield strength at room temperature with respect to an amount of inelastic strain applied at room temperature, h.sub.(T)/h.sub.(RT) denotes an effective inelastic strain coefficient α(T), Δε.sub.inelastic/Δt denotes an equivalent inelastic strain rate, and t denotes a time from 0 second in analysis.

Provided is an apparatus for evaluating high-temperature creep behavior of metals, the apparatus including a chamber configured to fix a metal sample in an inner space sealed from an external environment, and including, at a lower portion, a metal tube stretchable in a length direction by a pressure of a gas, wherein the apparatus is configured in such a manner that a load received by the chamber in the length direction due to the pressure of the gas injected into the chamber is applied to the metal sample.

Provided is an apparatus for evaluating high-temperature creep behavior of metals, the apparatus including a chamber configured to fix a metal sample in an inner space sealed from an external environment, and including, at a lower portion, a metal tube stretchable in a length direction by a pressure of a gas, wherein the apparatus is configured in such a manner that a load received by the chamber in the length direction due to the pressure of the gas injected into the chamber is applied to the metal sample.

Disclosed is a method of predicting a lifespan of a material by using a material parameter and by using Equation described below.

[00001]$y=\gamma \times \exp \left[-{\left(\frac{x}{\theta }\right)}^{\beta }\right]$

in which y is the physical property retention rate, x is the aging time, θ is a scale parameter, β is a shape parameter, and γ is the material parameter.

Disclosed is a method of predicting a lifespan of a material by using a material parameter and by using Equation described below.

[00001]$y=\gamma \times \exp \left[-{\left(\frac{x}{\theta }\right)}^{\beta }\right]$

in which y is the physical property retention rate, x is the aging time, θ is a scale parameter, β is a shape parameter, and γ is the material parameter.

A test system includes subsystems for application to a test sample of a range of conditions that might be encountered in an actual application. Conditions may include the presence of particular fluid environments, temperatures, pressures, and mechanical loads including tensile and bending loads. The system is particularly suited for elongated samples such as tubular products used in oil and gas applications, though a range of samples may be tested.

An instrument and method for mechanical properties in situ testing of materials under a high temperature and complex mechanical loads are provided. The instrument includes: a support frame module used to provide a stable support and an effective vibration isolation for each functional module of the instrument; a high-frequency fatigue load applying module used to apply a high-frequency fatigue load on a tested sample; a static-dynamic mechanical load applying module used to apply a combination of static-dynamic tension/compression/bending loads on the tested sample; a high/low temperature applying module used to apply a variable temperature environment from a low temperature to a high temperature on the tested sample; and an in-situ monitoring module that may integrate a surface deformation damage measurement assembly, a three-dimensional strain measurement assembly, a microstructure measurement assembly, and an internal damage detection assembly according to a practical testing requirement.

An instrument and method for mechanical properties in situ testing of materials under a high temperature and complex mechanical loads are provided. The instrument includes: a support frame module used to provide a stable support and an effective vibration isolation for each functional module of the instrument; a high-frequency fatigue load applying module used to apply a high-frequency fatigue load on a tested sample; a static-dynamic mechanical load applying module used to apply a combination of static-dynamic tension/compression/bending loads on the tested sample; a high/low temperature applying module used to apply a variable temperature environment from a low temperature to a high temperature on the tested sample; and an in-situ monitoring module that may integrate a surface deformation damage measurement assembly, a three-dimensional strain measurement assembly, a microstructure measurement assembly, and an internal damage detection assembly according to a practical testing requirement.