The invention relates to a standard solution for inverse gas chromatography and/or surface energy analysis; a volumetric container for preparing such a standard solution; a method of preparing such a standard solution for inverse gas chromatography and/or a surface energy analysis and a method of probing a solid sample. The standard solution comprises a series of three or more compounds of increasing carbon chain length of general formula (I): R—X wherein: for the three or more compounds R is a series of alkyl, a series of alkenyl or a series of alkynyl groups of increasing carbon chain length; and for all three or more compounds X is H, OH, CO.sub.2H, C(O)H, C(O)CH.sub.3, NH.sub.2, SH or halogen; and the relationship between carbon chain length and volume of the compounds of increasing carbon chain length of general formula (I) is determined by the following formula.

The invention relates to a standard solution for inverse gas chromatography and/or surface energy analysis; a volumetric container for preparing such a standard solution; a method of preparing such a standard solution for inverse gas chromatography and/or a surface energy analysis and a method of probing a solid sample. The standard solution comprises a series of three or more compounds of increasing carbon chain length of general formula (I): R—X wherein: for the three or more compounds R is a series of alkyl, a series of alkenyl or a series of alkynyl groups of increasing carbon chain length; and for all three or more compounds X is H, OH, CO.sub.2H, C(O)H, C(O)CH.sub.3, NH.sub.2, SH or halogen; and the relationship between carbon chain length and volume of the compounds of increasing carbon chain length of general formula (I) is determined by the following formula.

The present disclosure provides an analysis method for measuring the content of light chain-exchanged molecules in a composition containing a multi-specific antigen-binding molecule. The analysis method of the present disclosure includes the steps of: treating a composition comprising a multi-specific antigen-binding molecule and preparing a plurality of types of F(ab) fragments; and measuring the F(ab) fragments by a separation method based on electric charge or hydrophobic interactions and determining the content (content ratio) of each fragment.

The present disclosure provides an analysis method for measuring the content of light chain-exchanged molecules in a composition containing a multi-specific antigen-binding molecule. The analysis method of the present disclosure includes the steps of: treating a composition comprising a multi-specific antigen-binding molecule and preparing a plurality of types of F(ab) fragments; and measuring the F(ab) fragments by a separation method based on electric charge or hydrophobic interactions and determining the content (content ratio) of each fragment.

Disclosed are non-contiguous sample fractionating and concatenating device and a dual online multidimensional liquid chromatography system having the same. The non-contiguous sample fractionating and concatenating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a sample supply module which supplies a sample to be analyzed, and a sample fractionation module connected to the sample supply module, and which is continuously supplied with the sample, sets a plurality of unit sample supply times obtained by equally dividing a total sample supply time during which the sample is supplied from the sample supply module, sets a plurality of unit fractionation intervals obtained by equally dividing each of the plurality of unit sample supply times, and concatenates and stores the sample supplied during corresponding unit fractionation intervals within each unit sample supply time to acquire a plurality of fractions.

Disclosed are non-contiguous sample fractionating and concatenating device and a dual online multidimensional liquid chromatography system having the same. The non-contiguous sample fractionating and concatenating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a sample supply module which supplies a sample to be analyzed, and a sample fractionation module connected to the sample supply module, and which is continuously supplied with the sample, sets a plurality of unit sample supply times obtained by equally dividing a total sample supply time during which the sample is supplied from the sample supply module, sets a plurality of unit fractionation intervals obtained by equally dividing each of the plurality of unit sample supply times, and concatenates and stores the sample supplied during corresponding unit fractionation intervals within each unit sample supply time to acquire a plurality of fractions.

Process for evaluating the catalytic performance of a porous solid using a vapor diffusion technique, where a probe molecule and a molecule for dead-time determination is injected into a carrier gas that is then contacted with the porous solid in a vessel, where a detector analyzes the peak width and retention time of a probe molecule and the retention time of the molecule for dead-time determination in the gas exiting the vessel.

Process for evaluating the catalytic performance of a porous solid using a vapor diffusion technique, where a probe molecule and a molecule for dead-time determination is injected into a carrier gas that is then contacted with the porous solid in a vessel, where a detector analyzes the peak width and retention time of a probe molecule and the retention time of the molecule for dead-time determination in the gas exiting the vessel.

In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method of measuring the level of hydrophobicity of a chromatographic resin. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method of selecting a chromatographic resin condition for purifying a protein of interest from a mixture, wherein the protein of interest has low or no aggregation formation during chromatography. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method of selecting a chromatographic resin from a plurality of chromatographic resins for purifying a protein of interest from a mixture, wherein the protein of interest has low or no aggregation formation during chromatography.

The present invention relates to a chromatography method, a method of determining the concentration of at least one compound in a chromatography method, a method of obtaining an adsorption isotherm, a method of obtaining at least one stationary phase and a method of evaluating the accuracy of a predetermined adsorption isotherm.