A system and method for measuring a parameter in a gaseous sample is disclosed herein. A signal generator generates a first signal. The first signal is sent through the gaseous sample, enclosed in an airtight chamber, via a transmitter and received via a receiver. The signal is then processed to measure the delay in transmission along a predetermined distance. The delay in the transmission of the signal from the transmitter to the receiver through the sample along a predetermined distance gas gives a measure of the parameter being measured within the gaseous sample. Examples of parameters that can be measured include humidity, temperature, air quality, pressure, and a quantity of a specific contaminant.

In order to suppress a charge-up in an ion source configured to ionize a component contained in a sample gas, a mass spectrometer according to the present invention is provided with an ion source (3) including: an ionization chamber (30) having an ion ejection opening (301) and internally having a space substantially separated from an outside area; a repeller electrode (31), located within the ionization chamber, for creating an expelling electric field which acts on an ion generated within the ionization chamber to expel the ion through the ion ejection opening to the outside area; and a voltage generator (7) configured to selectively apply, to the repeller electrode, a first voltage for creating the expelling electric field and a second voltage for creating a charge-up-removing electric field, where the second voltage is a positive voltage having a larger absolute value than the first voltage.

The present disclosure describes a Lambertian gas-sensing system that may enable gas sensing in a compact form factor. The Lambertian gas-sensing system may include a hollow cavity, one or more light-emitting diode (LED) illuminators, one or more light-absorption detectors, and a gas exchange manifold. The hollow cavity may mechanically integrate the gas exchange manifold, the one or more LED illuminators, and one or more light-absorption detectors (such as one or more optical detectors). The gas exchange manifold may introduce gas into the hollow cavity and the one or more LED illuminators may emit light into the hollow cavity through one or more ports. The one or more light-absorption detectors may receive light from the hollow cavity through one or more ports.

The invention relates to a method and device for simultaneously measuring mass concentrations of particulates with different sizes. The method detects particulates within different size ranges in air based on laser scattering and can eliminate cross interference between the particulates within different size ranges. The device is simple in structure, can realize on-line simultaneous measurement of PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 with high measurement precision and low cost.

Disclosed are methods for measuring building health index using some mandatory and set of optionally configured parameters and utilizing building monitoring system having a connection to sensors in or pertaining to a building, and including central computing environment and one or more display devices showing the measurement. A building utilizing this method may be installed with one or more sensors, and which may be communicating to a locally installed communication device or a centrally installed computing environment that can collect the measurements over a period.

Methods and vaporizer apparatuses that estimate, measure and/or predict the amount of vapor and/or material (including active ingredients) released by the vaporizer apparatus. In particular, described herein are electronic vaporizers and methods of using them that determine a dose/amount of vapor and/or a material in the vapor based primarily or exclusively on the electrical and thermal properties, e.g., power or energy applied to the vaporizing element (e.g., heating coil) and the temperature of the material immediately before and as it is vaporized. Dose information may be used to control operation of the device and/or reported to the user.

A gas measurement apparatus includes an optical resonator that resonates light, a light source that generates light for irradiation of the optical resonator, and a photodetector that detects light taken out of the optical resonator. The optical resonator includes a plurality of mirrors, a holding member, a hollow tubular member, a hollow tubular member, and a temperature adjustment instrument. The holding member is lower in thermal expansion coefficient than the hollow tubular member. The hollow tubular member includes a portion higher in thermal conductivity than the holding member and a bellows higher in elasticity than a first portion. The hollow tubular member is equal to or higher than the hollow tubular member in thermal conductivity, and is provided as far as positions of the plurality of mirrors on an inner side of the bellows.

A gas sensor is formed by a thin-film semiconductor metal-oxide gas sensing layer, with a thermally conductive and electrically-insulating layer in direct physical contact with a back of the gas sensing layer to carry the gas sensing layer. Sensing circuitry applies a voltage to the gas sensing layer and measures a current flowing through the gas sensing layer. The current flowing through the gas sensing layer is indicative of whether a gas under detection has been detected by the gas sensing layer, and serves to self-heat the gas sensing layer. A support structure extends from a substrate to make direct physical contact with and carry the thermally conductive and electrically insulating layer about a perimeter of a back face thereof, with the support structure shaped to form an air gap between the back of the thermally conductive and electrically insulating layer and a front of the substrate.

The present invention relates to the isolation and amplification of odors so that the underlying odorous material might be located. The present invention utilizes a triple layer odor absorbent sampling media, solvents, and a heat source to isolate and amplify the odors. Once the source of the odor is located, the odorous material can then be cleaned.

Techniques for monitoring particulate matter (PM) mass concentration using relatively low cost devices are described. A computer-implemented method comprises determining, by a device operatively coupled to a processor, relationships between: first PM mass data determined by a monitor station device for a first atmospheric area over a period of time; first PM count data determined by a reference PM count device for the first atmospheric area over the period of time; and first conditional information comprising first values for defined conditional parameters, wherein the first values are associated with the first atmospheric area over the period of time. The method further includes generating an initial conversion model based on the relationships, wherein the conversion model converts a PM count to a PM mass based on one or more conditional parameters of the defined conditional parameters and features for updating the conversion model.