Various cell analysis systems of the present teachings can measure the electrical and metabolic activity of single, living cells with subcellular addressability and simultaneous data acquisition for between about 10 cells to about 500,000 cells in a single analysis. Various sensor array devices of the present teachings can have sensor arrays with between 20 million to 660 million ChemFET sensors built into a massively paralleled array and can provide for simultaneous measurement of cells with data acquisition rates in the kilohertz (kHz) range. As various ChemFET sensor arrays of the present teachings can detect chemical analytes as well detect changes in cell membrane potential, various cell analysis systems of the present teachings also provide for the controlled chemical and electrical interrogation of cells.

Disclosed herein are an apparatus for electrically assessing and/or manipulating cells. One aspect is directed to electrically mapping cells on the surface of the semiconductor substrate via cross-electrode impedance measurements. Further according to some aspects, the electrode array allows for spatially addressable electrical stimulation and/or recording of electrical signals in real-time using the CMOS circuitry. Some of these aspects are directed to using an electrode array to perform cell patterning through electrochemical gas generation, and extracellular electrochemical mapping.

The present invention provides a nerve cell device in which early observation of nerve activity (spikes, bursts, and the like) is made possible and the measured electric strength is increased by cultivating neurons upon a cell scaffold. By using this nerve cell device, imaging of intracellular signaling is also possible.

A system for measuring electrical characteristics of bioparticles is described. The system comprises an incubator for performing electrochemical measurements in a defined environment and a substrate holder positioned in said incubator for holding a substrate comprising a plurality of wells. The system is furthermore configured for continuously or regularly measuring electrochemical data. The system also comprises a processing means for comparing the continuously or regularly measured electrochemical data with reference data and for determining a moment for adding an active compound based on said comparison.

An electrochemical detection electrode includes: a plurality of electrode structures; and a plurality of groups of detection structures on the plurality of electrode structures; wherein: the plurality of groups of detection structures include a first group of detection structures and a second group of detection structures, each of the first group of detection structures on one of the plurality of electrode structures having a first shape in a plane parallel to a surface of one of the plurality of electrode structures is configured to combine with a first detection object, each of the second group of detection structures on one of the plurality of electrode structures having a second shape in a plane parallel to a surface of one of the plurality of electrode structures is configured to combine with a second detection object; and wherein the first shape is different from the second shape.

This disclosure provides an impedance cytometer which includes a carrier that can be attached to a living being, with a biosensor mounted thereto. The bio sensor includes a microfluidic flow channel, formed in the carrier, and an impedance circuit. The microfluidic flow channel accommodates passage of a particle therethrough. The impedance circuit, connected to the microfluidic flow channel, includes a signal generator that produces a high-frequency drive signal applied to the flow channel to produce a biosensor output signal having high-frequency variation resulting from the drive signal and low-frequency variation resulting from impedance variation within the flow channel during the particle's passage. A lock-in amplifier is disposed to (i) amplify the bio sensor output signal, (ii) mix the amplified signal with the drive signal, and (iii) frequency-filter the mixed, amplified signal to output an impedance signal representing the low-frequency impedance variation resulting from the passage of the particle. Embodiments enable wearable, personalized cytometry.

The present disclosure relates to a cell potential detection device, a method of manufacturing the cell potential detection device, and an information processing system that enable prevention of culture solution for a cell from leaking. The cell potential detection device includes: a cell potential detection chip including an electrode unit that detects potential of a cell; a substrate on which the cell potential detection chip is implemented; a first member sealing a connection electrically connecting the cell potential detection chip and the substrate; and a second member layered on the first member, the second member forming a liquid-storage portion that stores culture solution for the cell, together with the first member. The present technology can be applied to, for example, a semiconductor module in which packaged is a chip that detects the potential at an action-potential source point due to a chemical change of a cell.

An electrode arrangement for stimulating and recording electrical signals in biological matter comprises: an array (110) of electrodes (112), wherein electrodes (112) are configured to be switchable between stimulating and recording of electrical signals; a control unit (120), wherein the control unit (120) is configured to select a plurality of electrodes (112) to form a combined macroelectrode site (114) for providing a stimulating signal, wherein the control unit (120) is further configured to determine a perimeter electrode (112b) and a central electrode (112a), wherein the perimeter electrode (112b) is arranged at a perimeter of the combined macroelectrode site (114) and the central electrode (112a) is arranged centrally within the combined macroelectrode site (114), and wherein the control unit (120) is further configured to provide a stimulation signal to the perimeter electrode (112b) that has a lower magnitude than a stimulation signal provided to the central electrode (112a).

To provide a sensor device and a measurement apparatus that are able to appropriately control a temperature of a sensing region where a potential is measured. Provided is a sensor device that includes an electrode array exposed to a sensing region, at least one or more wiring line layers provided in a layer same as the electrode array, a temperature determiner that determines a temperature of the sensing region on the basis of an electric resistance of the wiring line layer, and a temperature controller that controls the temperature of the sensing region on the basis of the temperature of the sensing region determined by the temperature determiner.

An apparatus includes a bottom panel with a transparent region and ceramic sidewalls affixed to the bottom panel to form a container. Electrodes are disposed on the outer surface of the sidewalls at positions selected so that when a sample is positioned in the container, applying a voltage between the electrodes induces an electric field through the sample. Electrical conductors provide contact with the electrodes. All the components are sized and shaped to facilitate positioning of the container on the stage of an inverted microscope so that when the sample is positioned in the container, light emanating from a light source is free to travel along an optical path that passes through the sample, through the transparent region, and into the objective of the inverted microscope. The electrodes and conductors are positioned with respect to the transparent region so as not to interfere with the optical path.