Methods of expanding T cells ex vivo comprising contacting the T cells with antibody molecules that bind to TCR Vβ regions are described. T cells comprise one or more nucleic acid molecule encoding an exogenous cellular receptor, for example, a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or an exogenous T cell receptor (TCR).

The present application contemplates methods of screening therapeutic agents for treating cancer comprising co-culturing immune cells and tumor cells isolated from a subject under conditions that allow the immune cells and the tumor cells to form a cancer spheroid. The cancer spheroid may then be exposed to at least one therapeutic agent, and the responsiveness of the tumor cells the spheroid to the therapeutic agent may be measured.

Disclosed are: a method for activating a helper T cell, which comprises the step of adding a WT1 peptide to an antigen-presenting cell to activate the helper T cell, wherein the WT1 peptide is capable of binding to any one selected from an HLA-DRB1*1501 molecule, an HLA-DPB1*0901 molecule and an HLA-DPB1*0501 molecule; a composition for use in the method; a therapeutic and/or prophylactic method for cancer by activating a helper T cell; a pharmaceutical composition for use in the therapeutic and/or prophylactic method; and others.

A method of treating a patient who has gastric cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, and/or renal cancer includes administering to said patient a composition containing a population of activated T cells that selectively recognize cells in the patient that aberrantly express a peptide. A pharmaceutical composition contains activated T cells that selectively recognize cells in a patient that aberrantly express a peptide, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, in which the T cells bind to the peptide in a complex with an MHC class I molecule, and the composition is for treating the patient who has gastric cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, and/or renal cancer. A method of treating a patient who has cancer includes administering to said patient a composition comprising a peptide in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereby inducing a T-cell response to the cancer.

The present disclosure relates to methods for profiling subject specific and personalized T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires using a single-cell sequencing method. More particularly, disclosed are methods for determining binding of T cell receptors to subject specific neoantigens. In addition, the techniques herein may identify the antigenic targets of T cell receptors in the context of tumor neoantigens. Moreover, the present disclosure enables the discovery of T cell targets in numerous diseases, with implications for understanding the basic mechanisms of the mammalian immune response and for developing antigen-specific diagnostic markers and therapies. Finally, cloned TCRs can be used to formulate personalized immunotherapies for those inflicted with a disease, such as cancer.

The present invention relates to a method for selecting an immunomodulatory kit, selected for an individual patient, for use in the treatment of patients suffering from myeloid leukemias. Different kits are available for selection and ex vivo testing which are composed of substances that have different immunomodulatory effects on leukemia cells. Each kit particularly contains GM-CSF and one (or two) more substances, selected from PICIBANIL, PGE.sub.1, PGE.sub.2, CALCIMYCIN and TNFα, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants. The clinical aim is to modify, once the individually selected immunomodulatory kits were administered, blast cells in the body of the patient such that they turn into a “vaccine” which is able to activate the immunoreactive cells (of the patient or of the stem cell donor) in the body against blast cells.

The invention relates to methods to evaluate in one single assay the biocompatibility of materials based on the simultaneous determination of the phagocytosis, cell activation and cell death produced by said materials, preferably, in peripheral blood or other human cells and proximal fluids. The invention also relates to a kit to perform the method of the invention.

A method of treating a patient who has hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colorectal carcinoma (CRC), glioblastoma (GB), gastric cancer (GC), esophageal cancer, NSCLC, pancreatic cancer (PC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer (PCA), ovarian cancer (OC), melanoma, breast cancer (BRCA), CLL, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), SCLC, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), AML, gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma (GBC, CCC), urinary bladder cancer (UBC), and uterine cancer (UEC) includes administering to said patient a composition containing a population of activated T cells that selectively recognize cells in the patient that aberrantly express a peptide. A pharmaceutical composition contains activated T cells that selectively recognize cells in a patient that aberrantly express a peptide, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, in which the T cells bind to the peptide in a complex with an MHC class I molecule, and the composition is for treating the patient who has HCC, CRC, GB, GC, esophageal cancer, NSCLC, PC, RCC, BPH, PCA, OC, melanoma, BRCA, CLL, MCC, SCLC, NHL, AML, GBC, CCC, UBC, and/or UEC. A method of treating a patient who has HCC, CRC, GB, GC, esophageal cancer, NSCLC, PC, RCC, BPH, PCA, OC, melanoma, BRCA, CLL, MCC, SCLC, NHL, AML, GBC, CCC, UBC, and/or UEC includes administering to said patient a composition comprising a peptide in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereby inducing a T-cell response to the HCC, CRC, GB, GC, esophageal cancer, NSCLC, PC, RCC, BPH, PCA, OC, melanoma, BRCA, CLL, MCC, SCLC, NHL, AML, GBC, CCC, UBC, and/or UEC.

Disclosed are compositions of cells, libraries of such cells and methods of making T cell populations for treatment of disorders such as cancer and viral infections. T cell composition comprise cell subpopulations stimulated, in some embodiments, with FRAME, survivin and/or WT1.

The present disclosure provides methods, systems, and kits for processing nucleic acid molecules. A method may comprise providing a template nucleic acid fragment (e.g., within a cell, cell bead, or cell nucleus) within a partition (e.g., a droplet or well) and subjecting the template nucleic acid fragment to one or more processes including a barcoding process and a single primer extension or amplification process. The processed template nucleic acid fragment may then be recovered from the partition and subjected to further amplification to provide material for subsequent sequencing analysis. The methods provided herein may permit simultaneous processing and analysis of both DNA and RNA molecules originating from the same cell, cell bead, or cell nucleus.