Methods for detecting, identifying, and/or quantifying a target molecule in a complex fluid using thermal analysis are disclosed. Exemplary complex fluids include biofluids and environmental fluids. Exemplary target molecules include proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, viruses, and combinations thereof. A method for using thermal analysis to determine whether purification affects one or more characteristics, such as binding characteristics, of a target molecule is also disclosed.

Compositions, methods, assays, and kits providing or incorporating derivatives of mitragynine, particularly as haptens and immunogens.

A biosensor detector device is disclosed suitable for use in measuring membrane fluidity or membrane permeability. The biosensor detector device is formed of a solid substrate having a lipid bilayer compatible surface, a multi-lamellar lipid membrane structure derived from a biological cell and localized on the lipid bilayer compatible surface, an aqueous layer interposed between each lipid bilayer of the multi-lamellar lipid membrane structure. The biological membrane is derived from human red blood cells and localized on the lipid bilayer compatible surface. An electrode forming all or part of the lipid bilayer compatible surface may be used to detect disruptions in the multi-lamellar lipid membrane structure and hemolytic activity in a test sample.

Methods for diagnosing a subject as a candidate for removal of a solid tumor without preoperative chemoradiation therapy, and methods for treating patients having solid tumors, who have one or more of genomic instability, elevated double stranded DNA breaks, elevated gamma-H2AX foci, or elevated replication stress and/or double stranded break-signalling (DSB-signalling) biomarkers in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) are provided herein.

An isolated Methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) variant may include an MBD core domain having at least 60% sequence homology relative to any one of SEQ ID Nos. 1-45 and comprising at least one amino acid substitution relative to the corresponding wildtype MBD in various positions. The isolated MBD variant or the conjugate may be used for determining the methylation state of cytosine residues and/or oxidation state of 5-methylated cytosine residues in a CpG dinucleotide of interest and its complement in a DNA molecule or for the enrichment of DNA molecules comprising a CpG dinucleotide of interest and its complement. At least one cytosine nucleobase in the CpG dinucleotide may be modified to be 5-methylcytosine (mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC), 5-formylcytosine (fC), or 5-carboxylcytosine (caC).

Some embodiments described herein relate to a method that includes receiving an optical emission signal from a sensor disposed in a vessel. The vessel can be configured for an in vitro biological process (e.g., a bioreactor), and the emission signal can be received while the sensor is in contact with a biological matrix. The emission signal can be received by a reader that is disposed outside the vessel. At least one of a presence, quantity, or concentration of an analyte can be determined based on the emission signal. Similarly stated, the emission signal emitted by the sensor can be dependent on at least one of a presence, quantity, or concentration of the analyte. In some embodiments, the emission signal can be an optical signal emitted by a sensor in response to the sensor being excited by an excitation optical signal emitted by, for example, the reader.

Some embodiments described herein relate to a method that includes receiving an optical emission signal from a sensor disposed in a vessel. The vessel can be configured for an in vitro biological process (e.g., a bioreactor), and the emission signal can be received while the sensor is in contact with a biological matrix. The emission signal can be received by a reader that is disposed outside the vessel. At least one of a presence, quantity, or concentration of an analyte can be determined based on the emission signal. Similarly stated, the emission signal emitted by the sensor can be dependent on at least one of a presence, quantity, or concentration of the analyte. In some embodiments, the emission signal can be an optical signal emitted by a sensor in response to the sensor being excited by an excitation optical signal emitted by, for example, the reader.

The present disclosure in some aspects relates to methods and compositions for accurately detecting and quantifying multiple analytes present in a biological sample. In some aspects, the methods and compositions provided herein address issues associated with the heterogeneity of analyte abundance (e.g., gene expression levels) and variations among reactions at different locations of a sample (e.g., amplification reaction starting earlier at one location than another location). In some aspects, a method disclosed herein provides a tighter distribution of signal spot size and intensity in a sample, as compared to methods that result in a wide and heterogeneous size and intensity distribution of signal spots.

A method of detecting a biological sample includes the following steps. A magnetic sensor chip is provided, wherein the magnetic sensor chip includes a substrate and a magnetic sensing layer located on the substrate. Probes are connected to the magnetic sensor chip. A sample solution containing biological samples labeled with a first marker is provided on the magnetic sensor chip, so that the biological samples labeled with the first marker are hybridized with the probes. Magnetic beads labeled with a second marker are provided on the magnetic sensor chip, so that the magnetic beads labeled with the second marker are bound onto the biological samples labeled with the first marker. A signal sensed by the magnetic sensing layer is detected by a magnetic sensor.

The present disclosure relates to compounds that are useful as near-infrared fluorescence probes, wherein the compounds include i) a ligand that binds to the active site of carbonic anhydrase, ii) a dye molecule, and iii) a linker molecule that comprises an amino acid, amide, ureido, or polyethylene glycol derivative thereof. The disclosure further describes methods and compositions for making and using the compounds, methods incorporating the compounds, and kits incorporating the compounds.