Various systems, devices, components, and methods are disclosed for measuring the concentration of an analyte, such as acetone, in a breath sample. The disclosed devices include a breath sample analysis device having a mouthpiece configured to facilitate engagement with a user's mouth to receive a breath sample. The disclosed devices also include a breath sample capture cartridge containing an interactant that extracts the analyte from a breath sample passed through the cartridge. Also disclosed are devices for routing the breath sample through the cartridge during exhalation, and for analyzing a reaction in the cartridge to measure a concentration of the analyte.

Methods and compositions for risk detection, early diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of sleepiness in an individual by measuring the amount of specific biomarkers present in a bodily fluid and comparing them to a reference level of biomarkers in a sample from a healthy person, a person previously diagnosed with sleepiness, or an earlier sample from the individual of interest.

Methods and compositions for risk detection, early diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of sleepiness in an individual by measuring the amount of specific biomarkers present in a bodily fluid and comparing them to a reference level of biomarkers in a sample from a healthy person, a person previously diagnosed with sleepiness, or an earlier sample from the individual of interest.

A portable system is provided for measuring an analyte, such as acetone, in the breath or other bodily fluid of a user. The system includes a portable measurement device that analyzes fluid samples and generates corresponding measurements. The portable measurement device communicates with an application which runs on a smartphone or other mobile device of the user, and the application reports measurement data to a remote system.

In some implementations, a system is capable of obtaining and processing both actively monitored and passively monitored data in parallel in order to improve the accuracy and the specificity by which pathological risks are identified for a user. Data indicating measured levels of one or more metabolic biomarkers and activity data associated with a user is obtained. A biological state for the user is determined based on the measured levels of the one or more metabolic biomarkers. One or more user inputs indicated within the activity data, and scores reflecting respective likelihoods that a particular user input indicates a change to one or more aspects of the biological state for the user for each of the one or more user inputs is determined. Data corresponding to the biological state for the user is then adjusted. A communication that is generated based on the adjusted data is then provided for output.

In some implementations, a system is capable of obtaining and processing both actively monitored and passively monitored data in parallel in order to improve the accuracy and the specificity by which pathological risks are identified for a user. Data indicating measured levels of one or more metabolic biomarkers and activity data associated with a user is obtained. A biological state for the user is determined based on the measured levels of the one or more metabolic biomarkers. One or more user inputs indicated within the activity data, and scores reflecting respective likelihoods that a particular user input indicates a change to one or more aspects of the biological state for the user for each of the one or more user inputs is determined. Data corresponding to the biological state for the user is then adjusted. A communication that is generated based on the adjusted data is then provided for output.

Various systems, devices, components, and methods are disclosed for measuring the concentration of an analyte, such as acetone, in a breath sample. The disclosed devices include a breath sample analysis device having a mouthpiece configured to facilitate engagement with a user's mouth to receive a breath sample. The disclosed devices also include a breath sample capture cartridge containing an interactant that extracts the analyte from a breath sample passed through the cartridge. Also disclosed are devices for routing the breath sample through the cartridge during exhalation, and for analyzing a reaction in the cartridge to measure a concentration of the analyte.

Various systems, devices, components, and methods are disclosed for measuring the concentration of an analyte, such as acetone, in a breath sample. The disclosed devices include a breath sample analysis device having a mouthpiece configured to facilitate engagement with a user's mouth to receive a breath sample. The disclosed devices also include a breath sample capture cartridge containing an interactant that extracts the analyte from a breath sample passed through the cartridge. Also disclosed are devices for routing the breath sample through the cartridge during exhalation, and for analyzing a reaction in the cartridge to measure a concentration of the analyte.

The present invention relates to a method of determining the probability that an individual has irritable bowel syndrome and whether the individual will respond to dietary intervention. The present invention also provides a method of determining the probability that an individual with irritable bowel syndrome will respond to dietary intervention. There is also provided the use of a compound as defined herein as a biomarker.

The present invention relates to a method of determining the probability that an individual has irritable bowel syndrome and whether the individual will respond to dietary intervention. The present invention also provides a method of determining the probability that an individual with irritable bowel syndrome will respond to dietary intervention. There is also provided the use of a compound as defined herein as a biomarker.