An automated microfluidic bioreactor device and methods to rapidly detect drugs of abuse from human sweat are provided. The bioreactor can perform either single-plexed measurements (detecting only one target analyte at a time) or multiplexed measurement (detecting multiple analytes simultaneously). The bioreactor device has a cartridge comprising a capillary array that employs competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the presence of various drugs or metabolite compounds. For example, four common drugs, methadone, methamphetamine, amphetamine, and tetrahydrocannabinol, were detected rapidly and quantitatively in about 16 minutes with a low sweat sample volume (about 4 μL per analyte) and a large dynamic range (methadone: 0.0016 ng/mL-1 ng/mL; METH: 0.016 ng/mL-25 ng/mL; amphetamine: 0.005 ng/mL-10 ng/mL; THC: 0.02 ng/mL-1000 ng/mL).

An automated microfluidic bioreactor device and methods to rapidly detect drugs of abuse from human sweat are provided. The bioreactor can perform either single-plexed measurements (detecting only one target analyte at a time) or multiplexed measurement (detecting multiple analytes simultaneously). The bioreactor device has a cartridge comprising a capillary array that employs competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the presence of various drugs or metabolite compounds. For example, four common drugs, methadone, methamphetamine, amphetamine, and tetrahydrocannabinol, were detected rapidly and quantitatively in about 16 minutes with a low sweat sample volume (about 4 μL per analyte) and a large dynamic range (methadone: 0.0016 ng/mL-1 ng/mL; METH: 0.016 ng/mL-25 ng/mL; amphetamine: 0.005 ng/mL-10 ng/mL; THC: 0.02 ng/mL-1000 ng/mL).

Method and system for detecting drug and/or drug metabolites in a liquid sample, such as a wastewater sample. According to one embodiment, the method involves providing a device that includes a graphene field effect transistor and a first aptamer coupled to the graphene field effect transistor in a first well, the first aptamer being selective for a first drug or drug metabolite. Next, a liquid sample is introduced to the first aptamer of the device. Next, a sweeping liquid gate voltage is applied to the device to obtain a resistance versus liquid gate voltage plot for the device. Next, the Dirac voltage shift, if any, in the liquid gate voltage plot for the device is used to determine the presence and/or quantity of the drug or drug metabolite. Additional aptamers selective for different drugs or drug metabolites of interest may also be included in other wells of the device.

In one configuration, a handheld compound tester to process and detect presence of a compound in a tablet is disclosed. The handheld compound tester may include a sampling chamber configured to receive a tablet and a lid couplable with the sampling chamber. The coupling of the lid with the sampling chamber may cause cutting of the tablet. A liquid may be added inside the sampling chamber to create a mixture with segments of the tablet. The mixture may be then received by a housing adjoining the sampling chamber. A test strip disposed within the housing, upon contacting the mixture, may be configured to indicate a presence of the compound in the mixture.

Compositions, methods, assays, and kits providing or incorporating derivatives of mitragynine, particularly as haptens and immunogens.

Methods and reagents are disclosed for minimizing a false result in an assay measurement for determining a concentration of an analyte in a sample suspected of containing the analyte. The method comprises pretreating both an antibody and a sample to be subjected to a non-agglutination immunoassay. In the method the antibody and the sample are combined with a pretreatment agent selected from the group consisting of hydroxyphenyl-substituted C1-C5 carboxylic acids and metallic salts thereof and halogen-substituted C1-C5 carboxylic acids and metallic salts thereof in an amount effective to enhance the accuracy of the non-agglutination immunoassay.

This document provides methods and materials related to determining whether or not a human receiving a therapy (e.g., an anti-VEGF therapy such as a bevacizumab therapy) has developed or is at risk for developing proteinuria. For example, methods and materials for detecting urinary podocytes to determine whether or not a human receiving anti-VEGF therapy has or is at risk for developing proteinuria or kidney injury are provided.

This document provides methods and materials related to determining whether or not a human receiving a therapy (e.g., an anti-VEGF therapy such as a bevacizumab therapy) has developed or is at risk for developing proteinuria. For example, methods and materials for detecting urinary podocytes to determine whether or not a human receiving anti-VEGF therapy has or is at risk for developing proteinuria or kidney injury are provided.

The present invention relates to a kit of parts and methods for determining the presence and quantity of one or more TNF-α inhibitor drugs and/or anti-TNF-α inhibitor drug antibodies in one or more biological samples each comprising less than 200 μl, the method comprising the steps of providing a reaction liquid comprising the sample, a first TNF-α conjugate comprising TNF-α and a first conjugated moiety and a second TNF-α conjugate comprising TNF-α and a second conjugated moiety, said second moiety being capable of generating or ameliorating a detectable signal in the presence of a molecular complex comprising a TNF-α inhibitor, followed by detecting the change in signal when the complex between the TNF-α inhibitor drug, the first TNF-α conjugate and a the second TNF-α conjugate forms.

The present invention relates to a kit of parts and methods for determining the presence and quantity of one or more TNF-α inhibitor drugs and/or anti-TNF-α inhibitor drug antibodies in one or more biological samples each comprising less than 200 μl, the method comprising the steps of providing a reaction liquid comprising the sample, a first TNF-α conjugate comprising TNF-α and a first conjugated moiety and a second TNF-α conjugate comprising TNF-α and a second conjugated moiety, said second moiety being capable of generating or ameliorating a detectable signal in the presence of a molecular complex comprising a TNF-α inhibitor, followed by detecting the change in signal when the complex between the TNF-α inhibitor drug, the first TNF-α conjugate and a the second TNF-α conjugate forms.