A magnetic property measuring system may include a stage configured to load a sample and to rotate the sample about a rotation axis such that the stage rotates the sample by a rotation angle, the rotation axis extending normal to a top surface of the sample. The magnetic property measuring system may further include a polarizer having a first polarization axis, and an analyzer having a second polarization axis. The polarizer and the analyzer may enable the first and second polarization axes to be independently rotated based on the rotation angle of the sample.

A magnetic property measuring system may include a stage configured to load a sample and to rotate the sample about a rotation axis such that the stage rotates the sample by a rotation angle, the rotation axis extending normal to a top surface of the sample. The magnetic property measuring system may further include a polarizer having a first polarization axis, and an analyzer having a second polarization axis. The polarizer and the analyzer may enable the first and second polarization axes to be independently rotated based on the rotation angle of the sample.

The technology of a zero loop-area oblique-incidence Sagnac interferometer and methods of using the Sagnac interferometer to detect magneto-optic Kerr effect is disclosed. An example apparatus includes: a light source configured to generate an optical beam; a beam splitter; a polarizer configured to separate the optical beam into two orthogonal components; a modulator configured to phase-modulating at least one of the two orthogonal components to produce a modulated pair of orthogonal components; a polarization dependent delay optics configured to direct the modulated pair of orthogonal components toward a surface of a sample to cause the modulated pair of orthogonal components to incident on the surface at an oblique angle; a mirror configured to reflecting the modulated pair of orthogonal components back towards the beam splitter; a photo receiver configured to receive a return beam redirected by the beam splitter; and a phase-sensitive detector.

The technology of a zero loop-area oblique-incidence Sagnac interferometer and methods of using the Sagnac interferometer to detect magneto-optic Kerr effect is disclosed. An example apparatus includes: a light source configured to generate an optical beam; a beam splitter; a polarizer configured to separate the optical beam into two orthogonal components; a modulator configured to phase-modulating at least one of the two orthogonal components to produce a modulated pair of orthogonal components; a polarization dependent delay optics configured to direct the modulated pair of orthogonal components toward a surface of a sample to cause the modulated pair of orthogonal components to incident on the surface at an oblique angle; a mirror configured to reflecting the modulated pair of orthogonal components back towards the beam splitter; a photo receiver configured to receive a return beam redirected by the beam splitter; and a phase-sensitive detector.

An all fiber optic electric field sensor for indoor switchgear phase conductor bus bar voltage sensing, which is galvanically isolated from the electric circuit of the switchgear power distribution system, featuring a single mode optical transmitter, installed on the front side of a switchgear cubicle, which connects via an optical patch cord routed in conduit to a passive, in-line, all fiber polarization filtering module installed on the back of the switchgear cubicle, which connects to an all dielectric single mode fiber optic voltage sensor cable with standardized Kerr constant, routed within insulating all dielectric rigid conduit, which is secured with mechanical support brackets, featuring integrated vibration dampers, which traverses an optical path in parallel with a phase conductor bus bar and a ground bus, and where the degree of electric field induced birefringence occurring on the optical path which is perpendicular to the electric field radiating from the phase conductor is measured by observing the phase shift occurring in the orthogonally polarized modes during traversal of the single mode electro-optical voltage sensor cable perpendicular to the electric field, where an output of the sensor cable is analyzed with a 12 polarization maintaining fiber coupler which divides the polarized optical signal power equally to measure the preponderance of right circular polarized light over left circular polarized light, with the difference in optical intensity observed at the photodiodes proportional to the phase shift which varies exponentially with the electric field potential as an inverse function of linear distance from the phase conductor.