Systems, devices, software, and methods of the present invention enable frequency-based signal power analyses in software suitable for signal with either stationary and non-stationary spectrums. The methods that may be used throughout various systems including transmitters receivers, repeater, controllers, monitors, etc. and in software simulators to enable various signal power calculations and analyses, such as frequency spectrum analysis, throughout operating systems and that may be consistently applied in system design and operation simulations in a wide range of applications, such as interference and spectrum monitoring or clearance, object tracking, transmission channel and noise analyses, radiated power analysis, signal boundary interference, satellite downlink signal identification, pulsed radar monitoring, audio detection and identification, etc.

Systems, devices, software, and methods of the present invention enable frequency-based signal power analyses in software suitable for signal with either stationary and non-stationary spectrums. The methods that may be used throughout various systems including transmitters receivers, repeater, controllers, monitors, etc. and in software simulators to enable various signal power calculations and analyses, such as frequency spectrum analysis, throughout operating systems and that may be consistently applied in system design and operation simulations in a wide range of applications, such as interference and spectrum monitoring or clearance, object tracking, transmission channel and noise analyses, radiated power analysis, signal boundary interference, satellite downlink signal identification, pulsed radar monitoring, audio detection and identification, etc.

A spectrum analyzer having a memory function to adopt a digital-data-based frequency sweep scheme while achieving performance comparable to performance of a high-speed FFT spectrum analyzer, and a method of controlling the spectrum analyzer, in which the spectrum analyzer includes: an ADC for converting a BWP signal, which is at least one analog unit frequency band signal, into a digital data sample at a predetermined sample rate according to a span set by a user; a digital sweep part for sweeping the data sample passed through the ADC while digitally decimating the data sample through a decimation processing block having a two-stage cascaded structure, and processing the swept data sample to increase a frequency sweep speed; and a control unit for controlling the digital sweep part according to various items input, set, and selected by the user to perform spectrum analysis and output a spectrum analysis result.

A spectrum analyzer having a memory function to adopt a digital-data-based frequency sweep scheme while achieving performance comparable to performance of a high-speed FFT spectrum analyzer, and a method of controlling the spectrum analyzer, in which the spectrum analyzer includes: an ADC for converting a BWP signal, which is at least one analog unit frequency band signal, into a digital data sample at a predetermined sample rate according to a span set by a user; a digital sweep part for sweeping the data sample passed through the ADC while digitally decimating the data sample through a decimation processing block having a two-stage cascaded structure, and processing the swept data sample to increase a frequency sweep speed; and a control unit for controlling the digital sweep part according to various items input, set, and selected by the user to perform spectrum analysis and output a spectrum analysis result.

An electrochemically active material is represented by general formula (I): Si.sub.uSn.sub.vM.sub.1wM.sub.2x[P.sub.0.2O.sub.0.8].sub.y.Math.A.sub.z(I) where u, v, w, x, y, and z represent atomic % values and u+v+w+x+y+z=100, M.sub.1 includes a metal element or combinations of metal elements selected from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, B, carbon, or alloys thereof, M.sub.2 includes a metal element or combinations of metal elements selected from Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, or alloys thereof, A is an inactive phase other than a phosphate or silicide, and 0<u<90, 0v<20, 0<w<50, 0<x<20, 0<y<20, and 0z<50.

An electrochemically active material is represented by general formula (I): Si.sub.uSn.sub.vM.sub.1wM.sub.2x[P.sub.0.2O.sub.0.8].sub.y.Math.A.sub.z(I) where u, v, w, x, y, and z represent atomic % values and u+v+w+x+y+z=100, M.sub.1 includes a metal element or combinations of metal elements selected from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, B, carbon, or alloys thereof, M.sub.2 includes a metal element or combinations of metal elements selected from Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, or alloys thereof, A is an inactive phase other than a phosphate or silicide, and 0<u<90, 0v<20, 0<w<50, 0<x<20, 0<y<20, and 0z<50.

A method, a system, and a computer program for executing high resolution spectrum monitoring. A sensor receives an input signal having a varying frequency content over time. One or more samples of the received input signal are sampled. The samples of the received input signal include one or more swept signal samples generated by sweeping, using a center frequency of the sensor, the received input signal across an entire frequency spectrum associated with the received input signal. Sampling of the samples of the received signal is performed while performing the sweeping. The signal samples are processed.

A method, a system, and a computer program for executing high resolution spectrum monitoring. A sensor receives an input signal having a varying frequency content over time. One or more samples of the received input signal are sampled. The samples of the received input signal include one or more swept signal samples generated by sweeping, using a center frequency of the sensor, the received input signal across an entire frequency spectrum associated with the received input signal. Sampling of the samples of the received signal is performed while performing the sweeping. The signal samples are processed.

A signal measurement device and method are provided for receiving an RF input signal using frequency sweeping. The method includes determining RMS power levels of a noise floor of the signal measurement device at respective frequencies from a start frequency to a stop frequency of a swept frequency range; determining values of resolution bandwidths corresponding to the frequencies, the values of the resolution bandwidths being inversely proportional to the RMS power levels of the noise floor at the respective frequencies; performing frequency sweeping from the start frequency to the stop frequency to receive the RF input signal at the signal measurement device; and implementing the determined values of the resolution bandwidths corresponding to the frequencies while performing the frequency sweeping. Implementing the determined values of the resolution bandwidths results in functional sensitivity of the signal measurement device being substantially constant over the swept frequency range, and provides faster sweep times.

A signal measurement device and method are provided for receiving an RF input signal using frequency sweeping. The method includes determining RMS power levels of a noise floor of the signal measurement device at respective frequencies from a start frequency to a stop frequency of a swept frequency range; determining values of resolution bandwidths corresponding to the frequencies, the values of the resolution bandwidths being inversely proportional to the RMS power levels of the noise floor at the respective frequencies; performing frequency sweeping from the start frequency to the stop frequency to receive the RF input signal at the signal measurement device; and implementing the determined values of the resolution bandwidths corresponding to the frequencies while performing the frequency sweeping. Implementing the determined values of the resolution bandwidths results in functional sensitivity of the signal measurement device being substantially constant over the swept frequency range, and provides faster sweep times.