A power conversion device includes a power converter, a relay, and a welding detector. The welding detector includes a first resistor connected to a terminal of the relay on a first side, a capacitor and a second resistor, both of which are connected to a terminal of the relay on a second side, an application unit to apply an inspection signal to the relay via the capacitor and the second resistor, and a determiner connected between the capacitor and the second resistor, the determiner detecting a signal based on application of the inspection signal by the application unit to determine whether or not the relay is welded.

An apparatus and method for diagnosing a failure in a blower of a vehicle improve performance of various systems using state information of the blower. The apparatus and method include a controller that converts an operating current value supplied to the blower of the vehicle into a voltage value and diagnoses whether the blower fails based on the voltage value. The apparatus and method also include a display that displays whether the blower fails.

A safety mechanism device includes measuring whether a first output signal or results meets dynamically adjustable boundary criterion. The safety mechanism compares the first output signal with at least one boundary signal that is dynamically adjusted. The safety mechanism can produce a dynamically or automatically adjusted boundary signal using a second output signal. The second output signal can mimic the first output signal.

A load short-circuit detection method is a load short-circuit detection method executed in a load drive device including: a power storage element that stores electric power for driving a load; a first switch that is connected to a low-potential side of the load and controls a current flowing through the load; and a voltage detection circuit that detects a voltage of a current flow path flowing from the power storage element to a low-potential side power supply via the first switch. The load short-circuit detection method includes: PWM-driving the first switch at a predetermined duty ratio; and detecting that the load is being short-circuited in a case where a state in which the voltage of the current flow path detected by the voltage detection circuit is lower than or equal to a predetermined threshold voltage continues for a predetermined period of time or longer.

Operation for performing diagnostics, such as vehicle diagnostics including short circuit and low impedance diagnostics during a high-voltage (HV) battery pre-charging a power-net of the vehicle and including insulation resistance monitoring diagnostics for measuring an insulation resistance between the power-net and another power-net, with reduced processing time includes measuring a physical parameter (voltage or current signal) as the parameter is being generated by a device-under-test to which the diagnostic process pertains. The diagnostic process requires a stable value of the parameter. The parameter variates while being generated during a beginning time and is stable while being generated during an ending time. While the parameter is being generated during the beginning time, a stable value of the parameter which the parameter will have during the ending time is predicted. The stable value of the parameter is predicted based on variation of measured values of the parameter during the beginning time.

Disclosed is a method for operating a rotational speed sensor comprising a sensor element in a vehicle, wherein the sensor element interacts with a magnet wheel on a wheel of the vehicle and an effective parameter generated by the interaction of the magnet wheel with the sensor element is evaluated in the form of a measurand in an evaluation module and, depending on the measurand, an output variable characterizing the rotational speed of the wheel is output, wherein the sensor element is supplied via the evaluation module with a sensor voltage influencing the measurand. A sensor assembly is also disclosed.

A method of diagnosing a load port includes identifying a plurality of entities for a plurality of substrate storage containers by a plurality of load ports capable of transferring a substrate into and out of the plurality of substrate storage containers; detecting directly or indirectly a plurality of states of the plurality of substrate storage containers by a plurality of sensors provided at the plurality of load ports; associating the plurality of load ports, the plurality of entities and a plurality of sensor values, with each other; accumulating, in a database, data associated in the act of associating the plurality of load ports, the plurality of entities, and the plurality of sensor values; and analyzing the data in the database and determining a state of each of the plurality of load ports.

An example operation includes one or more of determining a first output impedance of a first electronic control unit, determining a second output impedance of a second electronic control unit in response to the first output impedance is outside of a range of a first threshold of the first electronic control unit, and notifying in response to a difference between the second output impedance and a second threshold of the second electronic control unit is less than a further difference between the first output impedance and the first threshold.

A system for diagnosing a squib loop in a restraint control module. The system may include a first amplifier, a capacitor, a second amplifier. The first amplifier may have a first input connected to a first side of the squib and a second input connected to a second side of the squib. The output of the first amplifier may generate an output voltage corresponding to the voltage drop across the squib. The capacitor may be connected in series with the output of the first amplifier and the output of the first amplifier may be connected to a first side of the capacitor. The second amplifier having a first input connected to a second side of the capacitor. A second input of the second amplifier may be connected to a reference voltage. The second amplifier may be configured with a feedback loop to generate a gain output.

A battery life determination apparatus includes a detector that measures a voltage of a battery, and a controller that determines an average value of a battery depth of discharge based on a voltage of the battery depending on a battery discharging after key off of a vehicle and a battery charging while driving of the vehicle, and determines a battery life by comparing a number of start-on times after the key off with a number of battery life end cycles corresponding to the average value, minimizing problems of start- on failures and charging delays, and providing customers with reliable battery information.