A method of using a directional sensor for the purposes of detecting the presence of a vehicle or an object within a zone of interest on a roadway or in a parking space. The method comprises the following steps: transmitting a microwave transmit pulse of less than 5 feet; radiating the transmitted pulse by a directional antenna system; receiving received pulses by an adjustable receive window; integrating or combining signals from multiple received pulses; amplifying and filtering the integrated receive signal; digitizing the combined signal; comparing the digitized signal to at least one preset or dynamically computed threshold values to determine the presence or absence of an object in the field of view of the sensor; and providing at least one pulse generator with rise and fall times of less than 3 ns each and capable of generating pulses less than 10 ns in duration.

A method of using a directional sensor for the purposes of detecting the presence of a vehicle or an object within a zone of interest on a roadway or in a parking space. The method comprises the following steps: transmitting a microwave transmit pulse of less than 5 feet; radiating the transmitted pulse by a directional antenna system; receiving received pulses by an adjustable receive window; integrating or combining signals from multiple received pulses; amplifying and filtering the integrated receive signal; digitizing the combined signal; comparing the digitized signal to at least one preset or dynamically computed threshold values to determine the presence or absence of an object in the field of view of the sensor; and providing at least one pulse generator with rise and fall times of less than 3 ns each and capable of generating pulses less than 10 ns in duration.

A distance measuring device according to an embodiment includes a filter, a first switching circuit, an impedance adjustable circuit, a second switching circuit, a third switching circuit, and a fourth switching circuit. The filter restricts a signal for distance measurement transmitted from the transmission circuit and a signal for distance measurement received by an antenna within a desired frequency band. The impedance adjustable circuit is adjusted to have a higher impedance than an impedance of the antenna. The second switching circuit switches conduction and non-conduction between the impedance adjustable circuit and the transmission circuit. The third switching circuit switches conduction and non-conduction between the impedance adjustable circuit and the reception circuit. The fourth switching circuit switches conduction and non-conduction between the impedance adjustable circuit and the second switching circuit and between the impedance adjustable circuit and the third switching circuit.

A distance measuring device according to an embodiment includes a filter, a first switching circuit, an impedance adjustable circuit, a second switching circuit, a third switching circuit, and a fourth switching circuit. The filter restricts a signal for distance measurement transmitted from the transmission circuit and a signal for distance measurement received by an antenna within a desired frequency band. The impedance adjustable circuit is adjusted to have a higher impedance than an impedance of the antenna. The second switching circuit switches conduction and non-conduction between the impedance adjustable circuit and the transmission circuit. The third switching circuit switches conduction and non-conduction between the impedance adjustable circuit and the reception circuit. The fourth switching circuit switches conduction and non-conduction between the impedance adjustable circuit and the second switching circuit and between the impedance adjustable circuit and the third switching circuit.

A distance measuring device according to an embodiment includes a filter, a first switching circuit, an impedance adjustable circuit, a second switching circuit, a third switching circuit, and a fourth switching circuit. The filter restricts a signal for distance measurement transmitted from the transmission circuit and a signal for distance measurement received by an antenna within a desired frequency band. The impedance adjustable circuit is adjusted to have a higher impedance than an impedance of the antenna. The second switching circuit switches conduction and non-conduction between the impedance adjustable circuit and the transmission circuit. The third switching circuit switches conduction and non-conduction between the impedance adjustable circuit and the reception circuit. The fourth switching circuit switches conduction and non-conduction between the impedance adjustable circuit and the second switching circuit and between the impedance adjustable circuit and the third switching circuit.

A measuring system for determining a directional characteristic of a first signal is provided. The device under test comprises sensor means for determining its position and/or orientation. The measuring system comprises positioning means for positioning and/or orienting the device under test, and a measuring device. The position and/or orientation are transmitted by the device under test to the measuring device. The measuring device comprises antenna means for receiving or sending the first signal and processing means for processing the position and/or orientation information. The processing means determine the directional characteristic at least from the position and/or orientation.

A method of using a directional sensor for the purposes of detecting the presence of a vehicle or an object within a zone of interest on a roadway or in a parking space. The method comprises the following steps: transmitting a microwave transmit pulse of less than 5 feet; radiating the transmitted pulse by a directional antenna system; receiving received pulses by an adjustable receive window; integrating or combining signals from multiple received pulses; amplifying and filtering the integrated receive signal; digitizing the combined signal; comparing the digitized signal to at least one preset or dynamically computed threshold values to determine the presence or absence of an object in the field of view of the sensor; and providing at least one pulse generator with rise and fall times of less than 3 ns each and capable of generating pulses less than 10 ns in duration.

One embodiment provides a method of capturing the presence of a drone, including: collecting, using at least one sensor, data associated with an aerial object; analyzing, using a processor, the data to determine at least one characteristic of the aerial object; accessing, in a database, a library of stored characteristics of commercially available drones; determining, based on the analyzing, if the at least one characteristic of the aerial object matches a characteristic of a commercially available drone; and responsive to the determining, generating an indication of a positive match. Other aspects are described and claimed.

A method of using a directional sensor for the purposes of detecting the presence of a vehicle or an object within a zone of interest on a roadway or in a parking space. The method comprises the following steps: transmitting a microwave transmit pulse of less than 5 feet; radiating the transmitted pulse by a directional antenna system; receiving received pulses by an adjustable receive window; integrating or combining signals from multiple received pulses; amplifying and filtering the integrated receive signal; digitizing the combined signal; comparing the digitized signal to at least one preset or dynamically computed threshold values to determine the presence or absence of an object in the field of view of the sensor; and providing at least one pulse generator with rise and fall times of less than 3 ns each and capable of generating pulses less than 10 ns in duration.

A method of using a directional sensor for the purposes of detecting the presence of a vehicle or an object within a zone of interest on a roadway or in a parking space. The method comprises the following steps: transmitting a microwave transmit pulse of less than 5 feet; radiating the transmitted pulse by a directional antenna system; receiving received pulses by an adjustable receive window; integrating or combining signals from multiple received pulses; amplifying and filtering the integrated receive signal; digitizing the combined signal; comparing the digitized signal to at least one preset or dynamically computed threshold values to determine the presence or absence of an object in the field of view of the sensor; and providing at least one pulse generator with rise and fall times of less than 3 ns each and capable of generating pulses less than 10 ns in duration.