A process and systems for constructing arbitrarily large virtual arrays using two or more collection platforms (e.g. AUX and MOV systems) having differing velocity vectors. Referred to as Motion Extended Array Synthesis (MXAS), the resultant imaging system is comprised of the collection of baselines that are created between the two collection systems as a function of time. Because of the unequal velocity vectors, the process yields a continuum of baselines over some range, which constitutes an offset imaging system (OIS) in that the baselines engendered are similar to those for a real aperture of the same size as that swept out by the relative motion, but which are offset by some (potentially very large) distance.

Weather radar system which uses antennas constituted by the elongated aperture of waveguides, and form at least an array (510, 520) mounted on a rotating horizontal (502), and the said apertures are as wide as one wavelength (λ) and length higher than 20λ, wherein the small aperture in azimuth ranges from 0.5° to 2° and is synthesized by high rotational speeds together with signal processing techniques such as ROSAR.

A process and systems for constructing arbitrarily large virtual arrays using two or more collection platforms (e.g. AUX and MOV systems) having differing velocity vectors. Referred to as Motion Extended Array Synthesis (MXAS), the resultant imaging system is comprised of the collection of baselines that are created between the two collection systems as a function of time. Because of the unequal velocity vectors, the process yields a continuum of baselines over some range, which constitutes an offset imaging system (OIS) in that the baselines engendered are similar to those for a real aperture of the same size as that swept out by the relative motion, but which are offset by some (potentially very large) distance.

Trapped or confined individuals may be located and rescued by detecting their vital signs (e.g., chest movement or heart beat) using reflected, radio frequency signals over a range of multiple antenna polarities.

According to one embodiment, an antenna device comprises an antenna panel including a first transmission antenna, a first reception antenna, and a second reception antenna, and a rotation device configured to rotate the antenna panel. A first radio wave is irradiated from the first transmission antenna when a rotation angle of the antenna panel is a first angle and a reflected radio wave of the first radio wave is received by the first reception antenna and the second reception antenna. A second radio wave is irradiated from the first transmission antenna when the rotation angle is a second angle and a reflected radio wave of the second radio wave is received by the first reception antenna and the second reception antenna.

A method for monitoring surface deformations of a scenario by means of differential interferometry technique, including the steps of prearranging a radar sensor having a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna arranged to transmit and acquire radar signals, the radar sensor arranged to move along a planar trajectory γ having centre O; defining a reference system S having origin in the centre O; acquiring by SAR technique the scenario by means of handling the radar sensor along the planar trajectory γ, the radar sensor being configured so that the radiation pattern of the antennas is oriented radially with respect to the centre O, the acquisition occurring at points of acquisition s.sub.i arranged on the trajectory γ, the three-dimensional position of each target point t.sub.i being definable by means of spherical coordinates (ρ.sub.i,θ.sub.i,β.sub.i).

A process and systems for constructing arbitrarily large virtual arrays using two or more collection platforms (e.g. AUX and MOV systems) having differing velocity vectors. Referred to as Motion Extended Array Synthesis (MXAS), the resultant imaging system is comprised of the collection of baselines that are created between the two collection systems as a function of time. Because of the unequal velocity vectors, the process yields a continuum of baselines over some range, which constitutes an offset imaging system (OIS) in that the baselines engendered are similar to those for a real aperture of the same size as that swept out by the relative motion, but which are offset by some (potentially very large) distance.

According to one embodiment, an antenna device comprises an antenna panel including a first transmission antenna, a first reception antenna, and a second reception antenna, and a rotation device configured to rotate the antenna panel. A first radio wave is irradiated from the first transmission antenna when a rotation angle of the antenna panel is a first angle and a reflected radio wave of the first radio wave is received by the first reception antenna and the second reception antenna. A second radio wave is irradiated from the first transmission antenna when the rotation angle is a second angle and a reflected radio wave of the second radio wave is received by the first reception antenna and the second reception antenna.

A method for monitoring surface deformations of a scenario by means of differential interferometry technique, said method comprising the steps of prearranging a radar sensor comprising at least one transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna arranged to transmission and acquisition of radar signals, said radar sensor arranged to move along a planar trajectory γ having centre O; defining a reference system S having origin in said centre O; acquiring by SAR technique said scenario by means of handling said radar sensor along said planar trajectory γ, said radar sensor being configured in such a way that the radiation pattern of said antennas is oriented radially with respect to said centre O, said acquisition occurring at points of acquisition s.sub.i arranged on said trajectory γ, obtaining a plurality of data for each point of acquisition s.sub.i; defining a plurality of target points t.sub.i of said scenario, the three-dimensional position of each target point t.sub.i being definable by means of spherical coordinates (ρ.sub.i,θ.sub.i,β.sub.i) referring to said reference system S, being known the values of said coordinates ρ.sub.i and θ.sub.i. The method further comprises a step of three-dimensional determining of said target points t.sub.i by the steps of focusing at a first height of acquisition h.sub.a1 each target point t.sub.i with respect to its own position considering a value of β.sub.t predetermined and equal to β.sub.0, focusing at a second height of acquisition h.sub.a2≠h.sub.a1 each target point t.sub.i with respect to its own position considering a value of β.sub.i predetermined and equal to β.sub.0, controlling, by means of interferometric technique, said focusings at the height of acquisition h.sub.a1 and h.sub.a2 obtaining a value of said coordinate β.sub.i for each target point. The method further comprises a step of global focusing each target point t.sub.i with respect to its own three-dimensional position definable by said spherical coordinates (ρ.sub.i,θ.sub.i,β.sub.i), obtaining a first focused radar datum, said step of focusing being obtained, for each target point t.sub.i, by analyzing data obtained at each point of acquisition s.sub.i wherein said target point t.sub.i is detectable.

Trapped or confined individuals may be located and rescued by detecting their vital signs (e.g., chest movement or heart beat) using reflected, radio frequency signals over a range of multiple antenna polarities.