The invention includes a method for calibrating at low frequency and in-flight a goniometry apparatus including an antenna array, on board an air carrier. The method includes for an angular position of reception, calibrating the airborne goniometry apparatus at a given frequency, comprising transmitting, by means of a calibration transmitter, at the given frequency and in the direction of the goniometry apparatus, at least two calibration signals, with polarizations orthogonal to each other. The method also includes measuring a response of the antenna array for each of the signals. The invention also includes a system implementing such a method.

A direction detection device includes: antennas that receive a received wave; an intensity difference imparting unit that imparts intensity differences different depending on the received-wave arrival direction to intensities of the received wave; a storage unit that stores an intensity difference table in which the intensity difference between two of the antennas is associated with the received-wave arrival direction, for each combination of any two of the antennas; a detector that detects an intensity difference between the two antennas and a phase difference between the two antennas, of the received wave; an extractor that extracts, from the table, a received-wave arrival direction corresponding to the detected intensity difference, for each combination; a calculation unit that calculates a received-wave arrival direction corresponding to the detected phase difference; and a comparator that compares the extracted received-wave arrival direction with the calculated received-wave arrival direction to acquire a matched received-wave arrival direction.

A direction detection device for detecting a received-wave arrival direction of a received wave, and includes: antennas for receiving the received wave; an intensity difference imparting unit that imparts intensity differences different depending on the received-wave arrival direction to intensities of the received wave; a storage unit that stores an intensity difference table an which the intensity difference between two of the antennas is associated with the received-wave arrival direction, for each combination of any two of the antennas; a detector that detects the intensity difference between the two antennas of the received wave; an extractor that extracts, from the intensity difference table, received-wave arrival directions corresponding to the intensity difference detected by the detector, for each combination; and a comparator that compares the received-wave arrival directions extracted by the extractor between the combinations of the antennas to acquire a matched received-wave arrival direction as a detection result.

A direction detection device includes: antennas that receive a received wave; an intensity difference imparting unit that imparts intensity differences different depending on the received-wave arrival direction to intensities of the received wave; a storage unit that stores an intensity difference table in which the intensity difference between two of the antennas is associated with the received-wave arrival direction, for each combination of any two of the antennas; a detector that detects an intensity difference between the two antennas and a phase difference between the two antennas, of the received wave; an extractor that extracts, from the table, a received-wave arrival direction corresponding to the detected intensity difference, for each combination; a calculation unit that calculates a received-wave arrival direction corresponding to the detected phase difference; and a comparator that compares the extracted received-wave arrival direction with the calculated received-wave arrival direction to acquire a matched received-wave arrival direction.

A system and method that can determine the direction of origin within 360 degrees around an antenna array for an emitted signal with a high degree of accuracy, even when the array is installed in a corrupted or unclean environment. Further, the provided system and method can provide a more accurate indication of direction despite polarization of the detected signal. Finally, the provided system and method can provide accurate results from phase measurements, amplitude measurements, or both phase and amplitude measurements, from an emitted signal where a phase network can be used to tailor the amplitude and phase variations versus spatial angle to best match the receiver measurement accuracies.

A method includes determining, on an individual element-by-element basis, a normalized far-field pattern for each radiating element of a plurality of antenna elements. The plurality of antenna elements is associated with a phased array antenna. The method also includes determining an overall electromagnetic far-field pattern for the phased array antenna based on individual normalized element far-field patterns and based on beamforming parameters associated with a location of interest. The overall electromagnetic far-field pattern is usable to determine a signal strength, at the location of interest, of a signal transmitted from the phased array antenna. The method also includes determining an isolation between the phased array antenna and a secondary communication device based on the overall electromagnetic far-field pattern. The method further includes generating an output indicative of the isolation.

A direction detection device for detecting a received-wave arrival direction of a received wave, and includes: antennas for receiving the received wave; an intensity difference imparting unit that imparts intensity differences different depending on the received-wave arrival direction to intensities of the received wave; a storage unit that stores an intensity difference table in which the intensity difference between two of the antennas is associated with the received-wave arrival direction, for each combination of any two of the antennas; a detector that detects the intensity difference between the two antennas of the received wave; an extractor that extracts, from the intensity difference table, received-wave arrival directions corresponding to the intensity difference detected by the detector, for each combination; and a comparator that compares the received-wave arrival directions extracted by the extractor between the combinations of the antennas to acquire a matched received-wave arrival direction as a detection result.

According to an example embodiment, a client device is configured to receive a first positioning reference signal; identify an orientation of a polarisation of the first positioning reference signal based on the received first positioning reference signal; estimate an orientation of the client device based on at least the identified orientation of the polarisation of the first positioning reference signal; and provide the orientation estimate to a network node device, Devices, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.

A method includes determining, on an individual element-by-element basis, a normalized far-field pattern for each radiating element of a plurality of antenna elements. The plurality of antenna elements is associated with a phased array antenna. The method also includes determining an overall electromagnetic far-field pattern for the phased array antenna based on individual normalized element far-field patterns and based on beamforming parameters associated with a location of interest. The overall electromagnetic far-field pattern is usable to determine a signal strength, at the location of interest, of a signal transmitted from the phased array antenna. The method also includes determining an isolation between the phased array antenna and a secondary communication device based on the overall electromagnetic far-field pattern. The method further includes generating an output indicative of the isolation.

A method is provided for use of a segmented aperture communications system to determine a direction of arrival of a radio signal in which the system includes a receiver plane having equally spaced and planar aligned radio frequency ports. Computation of the aperture segments depends on the port coordinates where the geometric relationship of the segments is used to determine a time delay and direction of arrival of the signal. The ports receive at least two orthogonal polarizations that characterize the incoming signals. A central port is used as reference to determine a phase difference associated at each port. Two angles are calculated by a simultaneous solution of two phase difference measurements to determine the direction of arrival solution. A mean direction of arrival solution is obtained by averaging solution estimates that are obtained by repeating the direction of arrival determination using random port pairs.