An example method for estimating the angle-of-arrival (AoA) and other parameters of radio frequency (RF) signals that are received by an antenna array comprises: receiving a plurality of radio frequency (RF) signal power measurements by a plurality of antenna elements at a plurality of RF channels; computing, by applying a machine learning model to the plurality of RF signal power measurements, an estimated RF signal parameter value; and outputting the RF signal parameter value.

A radio presence-advertising signal (PAS) a PAS emitter is simultaneously received at two or more co-located directional antennas that are coupled to respective radio receivers. The antennas have reception sensitivity lobes that overlap to define a region of interest at the overlap. Substantially cotemporaneous signal strength indications are obtained from the radio receivers. A difference signal representative of a difference between two of the obtained signal strength indications of the respective antennas is generated. An average signal representative of a running average of two or more of the obtained signal strength indications is generated and used to produce a normalized confidence indicator indicating a level of confidence that the PAS emitter is disposed inside (e.g., centered in) the region of interest or alternatively indicating a level of confidence that the PAS emitter is disposed outside the region of interest. Action is taken or avoided based on the confidence signal.

A radio presence-advertising signal (PAS) a PAS emitter is simultaneously received at two or more co-located directional antennas that are coupled to respective radio receivers. The antennas have reception sensitivity lobes that overlap to define a region of interest at the overlap. Substantially cotemporaneous signal strength indications are obtained from the radio receivers. A difference signal representative of a difference between two of the obtained signal strength indications of the respective antennas is generated. An average signal representative of a running average of two or more of the obtained signal strength indications is generated and used to produce a normalized confidence indicator indicating a level of confidence that the PAS emitter is disposed inside (e.g., centered in) the region of interest or alternatively indicating a level of confidence that the PAS emitter is disposed outside the region of interest. Action is taken or avoided based on the confidence signal.

A distance estimation device includes a mobile terminal transmitting a radio wave and an in-vehicle device. The in-vehicle device includes a direction determination unit having a receiver, a distance measurement unit, and a correction unit. The receiver receives the radio wave and is arranged on a side of the vehicle. The direction determination unit determines a direction from which the radio wave comes based on a signal strength of the received radio wave. The distance measurement unit receives the radio wave and measures a distance from an installation position of the distance measurement unit to the mobile terminal based on information other than a signal strength of the received radio wave. The correction unit corrects the measured distance to be a distance from an edge of the vehicle to the mobile terminal based on the determined direction and the installation position.

A system and method for a second wireless device to establish distance and location of a first device which is transmitting radio waves includes the first and second devices. Each second device includes two or more (N in number) receiving antennas. An angle between the directions in which adjacent receiving antennas receive the strongest signals is 360°/N. The second device obtains a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of each receiving antenna receiving signals from the first device, and from the two strongest receiving antennas, calculation of an angle between the first device and one of the adjacent receiving antennas can be performed. The distance between the first device and the second device can also be calculated.

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for detecting, identifying, and locating a source emitting an interfering signal is described herein. The UAV can detect wireless network site interference within a given frequency spectrum band and locate the source of the interference based on one or more signals received by one or more antennas, such as directional antennas. The one or more antennas are located on or within a main body or one or more booms of the UAV. The UAV can be flown manually (e.g., by an operator) or automatically (e.g., by a processor or preset routine).

An example method for estimating the angle-of-arrival (AoA) and other parameters of radio frequency (RF) signals that are received by an antenna array comprises: receiving a plurality of radio frequency (RF) signal power measurements by a plurality of antenna elements at a plurality of RF channels; computing, by applying a machine learning model to the plurality of RF signal power measurements, an estimated RF signal parameter value; and outputting the RF signal parameter value.

In one aspect, a method of wireless communication by a wireless device includes generating, by the wireless device, a protocol data unit (PDU) header and a corresponding PDU payload of an angle of arrival (AoA) packet. The generating of the PDU payload includes inserting a supplemental field and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) field into the PDU payload. The supplemental field is configured to enable another wireless device to determine an angle of arrival of the AoA packet and the CRC field corresponds to a CRC of at least the supplemental field. The method also includes transmitting the AoA packet with a single antenna of the wireless device.

Lock system, mobile device and method for indicating the location of a lock with a mobile device, which mobile device sends and receives a radio signal and communicates with the lock via radio-frequency communication, wherein the lock is a lock that is openable electrically and by radio-frequency communication. In the solution of the invention the direction and/or strength of a radio transmission sent by a lock is measured with a mobile device, the location and/or direction of the lock in relation to the mobile device is determined on the basis of the measurement, and the location of the lock and/or the direction towards the lock is indicated with the mobile device to the user of the mobile device.

An apparatus for indicating a direction of a radio transmission is described. The apparatus includes at least one vector detection device including two or more antennas and an attenuating material between at least one of the antennas and a source of a radio transmission. The attenuating material is arranged to vary an amount of attenuation with an angle of the source with respect to at least one of the antennas. The apparatus is configured to generate a signal indicating a direction of the radio transmission by comparing received signal strengths from the two or more antennas.