The present technology relates to a solid-state imaging apparatus and a driving method that can perform imaging at lower power consumption. By providing the solid-state imaging apparatus including a pixel array section on which a plurality of SPAD pixels is two-dimensionally arranged, in which in a case where illuminance becomes first illuminance higher than reference illuminance, a part of the SPAD pixels of the plurality of pixels arranged on the pixel array section is thinned, it is possible to image at lower power consumption. The present technology can be applied to an image sensor, for example.

Multiple interactions, such as Compton scattering, inside a PET detector are used to predict an incident photon's direction for identifying true coincidence events versus scatter/random coincidence events by creating a cone shaped shell projection defining a range of possible flight directions for the incident photon. The disclosed techniques can be used as prior information to improve the image reconstruction process. The disclosed techniques can be implemented in a LYSO/SiPM-based layer stacked detector, which can precisely register multiple interactions' 3D position.

According to an aspect, an active matrix substrate of an X-ray imaging panel includes: an active matrix substrate having a pixel region including a plurality of pixels; and a scintillator that converts X-rays projected onto the X-ray imaging panel to scintillation light. The plurality of pixels include respective photoelectric conversion elements. The active matrix substrate further includes a first planarizing film that covers the photoelectric conversion elements, is formed from an organic resin film, and has a plurality of first contact holes and a first wiring line that is formed in the first contact holes and in a layer upper than the first planarizing film and connected to the photoelectric conversion elements within the first contact holes.

A detection device for detecting at least the occurrence and location of occurrence of sensor element signals that are generated by sensor elements, includes an array of detector element circuits each generating a element row output and at least one element column output. The detection device determines, for each row of detector element circuits, at least a first row summation signal corresponding to a sum of the element row outputs of the detector element circuits of this row, and a row address signal indicating that the first row summation signal crosses a threshold. The detection device also determines, for each column of detector element circuits, at least a first column summation signal corresponding to a sum of the element column outputs of the detector element circuits of this column, and a column address signal indicating that the first column summation signal crosses a threshold.

There is provided an image sensor employing an avalanche diode. The image sensor includes a plurality of pixel circuits arranged in a matrix, a plurality of pulling circuits and a global current source circuit. Each of the plurality of pixel circuits includes a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) and a floating diffusion. Each of the plurality of pulling circuits is arranged corresponding to one pixel circuit column. The global current source circuit is used to form a current mirror with each of the plurality of pulling circuits. The floating diffusion is used to record a voltage of one photon event detected by the SPAD in an exposure period.

A method and apparatus are provided for nonlinear energy correction of a gamma-ray detector using a calibration spectrum acquired from the background radiation of lutetium isotope 176 (Lu-176) present in scintillators in the gamma-ray detector. Further, by periodically acquiring Lu-176 spectra using the background radiation from the scintillators, the nonlinear energy correction can be monitored to detect when changes in the gamma-ray detector cause the detector to go out of calibration, and then use a newly acquired Lu-176 spectrum to update the calibration of the nonlinear energy correction as needed. The detector calibration is performed by comparing a reference histogram to a calibration histogram generated using the nonlinear energy correction, and adjusting the parameters of the nonlinear energy correction until the two histograms match. Alternatively, the detector calibration is performed by comparing reference and calibration values for specific spectral features, rather than for the whole Lu-176 spectrum.

Disclosed herein is a radiation detector, comprising: an avalanche photodiode (APD) with a first side coupled to an electrode and configured to work in a linear mode; a capacitor module electrically connected to the electrode and comprising a capacitor, wherein the capacitor module is configured to collect charge carriers from the electrode onto the capacitor; a current sourcing module in parallel to the capacitor, the current sourcing module configured to compensate for a leakage current in the APD and comprising a current source and a modulator; wherein the current source is configured to output a first electrical current and a second electrical current; wherein the modulator is configured to control a ratio of a duration at which the current source outputs the first electrical current to a duration at which the current source outputs the second electrical current.

A data processing apparatus according to an embodiment includes acquisition circuitry and specification circuitry. The acquisition circuitry is configured to acquire a detector signal containing a first component that is based on Cherenkov light and a second component that is based on scintillation light. The specification circuitry is configured to specify timing information about generation of the detector signal by curve fitting to the first component.

Disclosed herein is a radiation detector, comprising: an avalanche photodiode (APD) with a first side coupled to an electrode and configured to work in a linear mode; a capacitor module electrically connected to the electrode and comprising a capacitor, wherein the capacitor module is configured to collect charge carriers from the electrode onto the capacitor; a current sourcing module in parallel to the capacitor, the current sourcing module configured to compensate for a leakage current in the APD and comprising a current source and a modulator; wherein the current source is configured to output a first electrical current and a second electrical current; wherein the modulator is configured to control a ratio of a duration at which the current source outputs the first electrical current to a duration at which the current source outputs the second electrical current.

Provided are methods, systems, and computer program products for a LiDAR with an increased dynamic range. The method includes filtering output pulses of an SiPM device to a substantially symmetric pulse shape and capturing timing information and intensity information of the filtered output pulses for at least one predetermined intensity level. The method includes monitoring saturation of the SiPM device, wherein a width of a saturation plateau of a respective output pulse is determined in response to saturation of the SiPM device. The method also includes extrapolating additional timing information and additional intensity information of the respective output pulse using the captured timing information, the captured intensity information, and the determined width of the saturation plateau.