An apparatus of confining an earth block to engage with a horizontal vibrator for generating shear dominated seismic source and a method of applying the apparatus are related. An apparatus of confining an earth block to be engaged with at least one vibrator for generating a shear dominated seismic source comprises a plurality of horizontal steels, a plurality of vertical steel sheet piles, a plurality of vertical elongated steel pile sheets, a plurality of horizontal elongated steels, and at least one vibrator.

An apparatus of confining an earth block to engage with a horizontal vibrator for generating shear dominated seismic source and a method of applying the apparatus are related. An apparatus of confining an earth block to be engaged with at least one vibrator for generating a shear dominated seismic source comprises a plurality of horizontal steels, a plurality of vertical steel sheet piles, a plurality of vertical elongated steel pile sheets, a plurality of horizontal elongated steels, and at least one vibrator.

A downhole tool system may include a Stoneley wave emitter, located in a downhole tool, designed to emit Stoneley waves into a borehole. The downhole tool system may include one or more Stoneley wave sensors, located in the downhole tool, and a processor. The processor may be designed to receive signals from the one or more Stoneley wave sensors based on the detection of the Stoneley waves. The processor may use the signals to obtain a temporal measurement of the Stoneley waves. Based at least in part on the temporal measurement, the processor may calculate a distance from the downhole tool or a bottom-hole assembly to the bottom of the borehole.

Techniques are disclosed relating to the determination of a warping attribute related to a difference between an up-going pressure wavefield and a down-going pressure wavefield received from a seismic data acquisition system. The warping attribute is used to determine a pseudo up-going or down-going pressure wavefield. The pseudo pressure wavefield is used to generate a modified record of geophysical data, which is stored in a non-transitory memory medium as a geophysical data product.

Seismic shear-wave survey systems and methods that employ inclined borehole pairs with directional detonations. If the boreholes have substantially equal inclinations in opposite azimuthal directions, the resulting signal traces can be combined to isolate shear wave energy contributions, thereby offering potentially enhanced resolution and reduced-complexity interpretation. The boreholes may be cased to ensure repeatability for, e.g., monitoring of reservoir fracturing, treatments, and/or drainage. The directional charges may be immersed to improve coupling of seismic energy into the formation.

Seismic shear-wave survey systems and methods that employ inclined borehole pairs with directional detonations. If the boreholes have substantially equal inclinations in opposite azimuthal directions, the resulting signal traces can be combined to isolate shear wave energy contributions, thereby offering potentially enhanced resolution and reduced-complexity interpretation. The boreholes may be cased to ensure repeatability for, e.g., monitoring of reservoir fracturing, treatments, and/or drainage. The directional charges may be immersed to improve coupling of seismic energy into the formation.

A downhole tool system may include a Stoneley wave emitter, located in a downhole tool, designed to emit Stoneley waves into a borehole. The downhole tool system may include one or more Stoneley wave sensors, located in the downhole tool, and a processor. The processor may be designed to receive signals from the one or more Stoneley wave sensors based on the detection of the Stoneley waves. The processor may use the signals to obtain a temporal measurement of the Stoneley waves. Based at least in part on the temporal measurement, the processor may calculate a distance from the downhole tool or a bottom-hole assembly to the bottom of the borehole.

A dipole source for borehole acoustic logging includes a cylindrical shell, a center beam coupled to the cylindrical shell, a movable projector inside the cylindrical shell to impact the center beam, and a cavity acoustically insulating the interior of the cylindrical shell from the exterior of the cylindrical shell. An acoustic logging tool for making measurements of a substrate surrounding a borehole with a body insertable in the borehole is also provided. The body includes an acoustic detector and a dipole source as above, along the axial length. The acoustic logging tool may include a control unit to process data collected from the acoustic detector and obtain information about the substrate surrounding the borehole.

A dipole source for borehole acoustic logging includes a cylindrical shell, a center beam coupled to the cylindrical shell, a movable projector inside the cylindrical shell to impact the center beam, and a cavity acoustically insulating the interior of the cylindrical shell from the exterior of the cylindrical shell. An acoustic logging tool for making measurements of a substrate surrounding a borehole with a body insertable in the borehole is also provided. The body includes an acoustic detector and a dipole source as above, along the axial length. The acoustic logging tool may include a control unit to process data collected from the acoustic detector and obtain information about the substrate surrounding the borehole.

An apparatus of confining an earth block to engage with a horizontal vibrator for generating shear dominated seismic source and a method of applying the apparatus are related. An apparatus of confining an earth block to be engaged with at least one vibrator for generating a shear dominated seismic source comprises a plurality of horizontal steels, a plurality of vertical steel sheet piles, a plurality of vertical elongated steel pile sheets, a plurality of horizontal elongated steels, and at least one vibrator.