A correlated sparse nodes and mini-streamers system for collecting seismic data includes plural nodes distributed on the ocean bottom, and a mini-streamer spread that includes plural mini-streamers. The plural nodes and the mini-streamer spread are configured to simultaneously collect seismic data from a surveyed subsurface, and wherein a length of the mini-streamers is equal to or less than three times an inline distance between adjacent nodes of the plural nodes.

Disclosed are advantageous designs for highly-sparse seabed acquisition for imaging geological structure and/or monitoring reservoir production using sea surface reflections. The highly-sparse geometry designs may be adapted for imaging techniques using the primary and higher orders of sea surface reflection and may advantageously allow for the use of significantly fewer sensors than conventional seabed acquisition. The highly-sparse geometry designs may be relevant to 3D imaging, as well as 4D (“time-lapse”) imaging (where the fourth dimension is time). In accordance with embodiments of the invention, geophysical sensors may be arranged on a seabed to form an array of cells. Each cell in the array may have an interior region that contains no geophysical sensors and may be sufficiently large in area such that a 500 meter diameter circle may be inscribed therein.

A system is provided. The system includes a plurality of seismic sensors and a computer device. The computer device is programmed to a) store a plurality of distances between each of the plurality of seismic sensors; b) store one or more fingerprints of a signal to be detected; c) receive a first signal transmitted from a first seismic sensor of the plurality of seismic sensors; d) receive the first signal transmitted from a second seismic sensor of the plurality of seismic sensors; e) compare the first signal to the one or more fingerprints of the signal to be detected; and f) determine a direction of travel of the first signal based on the distance between the first seismic sensor and the second seismic sensor, the first time, and the second time.

A data seismic sensing system and method for obtaining seismic refraction data and tomography data. The system may comprise a subsurface sensor array, wherein the subsurface sensor array is a fiber optic cable disposed near a wellbore, a seismic source, wherein the seismic source is a truck-mounted seismic vibrator comprising a base plate, and a surface sensor array, wherein the surface sensor array is coupled to the seismic source. The method may comprise disposing a surface sensor array on a surface, disposing a subsurface sensor array into a wellbore, activating a seismic source, wherein the seismic source is configured to create a seismic wave, recording a reflected seismic wave with the surface sensor array and the subsurface sensor array, and creating a seismic refraction data and a seismic tomography data from the reflected seismic wave.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses are disclosed for conducting reconnaissance marine seismic surveys. In one example method of acquiring a marine seismic survey, a plurality of streamers are towed behind an acquisition vessel, the plurality of streamers defining a swath. A source is towed behind the acquisition vessel, and at least one other source is towed outside of the swath of streamers.

A method of redatuming geophysical data, wherein there is provided multi-component geophysical data, and the method includes obtaining at least one focussing function and/or at least one Green's function from the multi-component geophysical data.

Disclosed are advantageous designs for highly-sparse seabed acquisition for imaging geological structure and/or monitoring reservoir production using sea surface reflections. The highly-sparse geometry designs may be adapted for imaging techniques using the primary and higher orders of sea surface reflection and may advantageously allow for the use of significantly fewer sensors than conventional seabed acquisition. The highly-sparse geometry designs may be relevant to 3D imaging, as well as 4D (“time-lapse”) imaging (where the fourth dimension is time). In accordance with embodiments of the invention, geophysical sensors may be arranged on a seabed to form an array of cells. Each cell in the array may have an interior region that contains no geophysical sensors and may be sufficiently large in area such that a 500 meter diameter circle may be inscribed therein.

A method includes: towing sources in a wide-tow source survey configuration; actuating at least one of the sources to create a signal; detecting the signal with a first receiver of a first plurality of streamers; and detecting the signal with a second receiver of a second plurality of streamers, wherein: the second plurality of streamers are interspersed with streamers from the first plurality of streamers in the port outer region and in the starboard outer region. A system includes: sources in a wide-tow source survey configuration and coupled to the survey vessel; a first plurality of streamers comprising a regular streamer spread and coupled to the survey vessel; and a second plurality of streamers coupled to the survey vessel, wherein: the second plurality of streamers are interspersed with streamers from the first plurality of streamers in the port outer region and in the starboard outer region.

A system and method for a distributed earthquake analysis and reporting system are provided. The system includes a facility control system at a facility that obtains earthquake information sent from one or more seismic sensors, and sends the earthquake information over a network directly or indirectly to other facility control systems. The facilities which include the facility control systems can be owned/operated by different business organizations or by the same organization, in examples. The facility control system at each facility responds to received earthquake information from the other facility control systems by configuring building systems such as public address systems to warn building occupants, industrial machine controllers to stop machinery, and elevator controllers to stop elevators at a nearest floor and open its doors, in examples.

Disclosed herein are implementations of various technologies for a method for seismic data processing. The method may receive seismic data for a region of interest. The seismic data may be acquired in a seismic survey. The method may determine an exclusion criterion. The exclusion criterion may provide rules for selecting shot points in the acquired seismic data. The method may determine sparse seismic data using statistical sampling based on the exclusion criterion and the acquired seismic data. The method may determine simulated seismic data based on the earth model and shot points corresponding to the sparse seismic data. The method may determine an objective function that represents a mismatch between the sparse seismic data and the simulated seismic data. The method may update the earth model using the objective function.