An x-ray based litho-density tool for measurement of simultaneous invaded and non-invaded formation surrounding a borehole is provided, the tool including at least an internal length comprising a sonde section, wherein sonde section further includes an x-ray source; at least one radiation measuring detector; at least one source monitoring detector; and a plurality of sonde-dependent electronics. In various embodiments, the tool uses x-rays to illuminate the formation surrounding a borehole, and a plurality of detectors are used to directly measure both invaded and non-invaded formation bulk densities. Detectors used to measure borehole standoff such that other detector responses may be compensated for tool standoff; long and ultra-long space detectors disposed in electromagnetic communication with a source located within a collimated tungsten radiation shield; and wear-pads disposed such that the source and detector assembly may be pressed against the side of the borehole to reduce borehole effects are also provided.

An x-ray based litho-density tool for measurement of simultaneous invaded and non-invaded formation surrounding a borehole is provided, the tool including at least an internal length comprising a sonde section, wherein sonde section further includes an x-ray source; at least one radiation measuring detector; at least one source monitoring detector; and a plurality of sonde-dependent electronics. In various embodiments, the tool uses x-rays to illuminate the formation surrounding a borehole, and a plurality of detectors are used to directly measure both invaded and non-invaded formation bulk densities. Detectors used to measure borehole standoff such that other detector responses may be compensated for tool standoff; long and ultra-long space detectors disposed in electromagnetic communication with a source located within a collimated tungsten radiation shield; and wear-pads disposed such that the source and detector assembly may be pressed against the side of the borehole to reduce borehole effects are also provided.

Through-tubing, cased-hole sealed material density can be evaluated using gamma ray measurements. Density evaluation comprises detecting, by at least one detector positioned within a casing of a wellbore including a sealing material positioned between the casing and a subsurface formation, electromagnetic radiation generated in response to nuclear radiation being emitted outward toward the subsurface formation, determining an electromagnetic radiation count based on the detected electromagnetic radiation, selecting at least one of a first reference material having a density that is less than a density of the sealing material and a second reference material having a density that is greater than the density of the sealing material, adjusting the electromagnetic radiation count based on the density of the at least one of the first reference material and the second reference material, and determining a density of the sealing material based on the adjusted electromagnetic radiation count.

Systems and methods for automated security inspection and routing of in-transit objects are described. In one embodiment, a plurality of security screening devices are provided, each operable to output screening data of an in-transit object, including a first screening device located in a sealed environment of a vehicle for transporting the object towards a conveying system, including one or more measuring devices operable to measure screening parameters of the object when located in the sealed environment, and a second screening device in combination with conveying and routing components of the conveying system used to transport said objects from an ingress point through a conveyor junction to reach the second screening device. A control unit is assigned to the conveyor junction, wherein the control unit is configured to receive security data assigned on the basis of the screening data from the first screening device to the object upstream of the conveyor junction, and in response, to determine and set a routing direction on the basis of the assigned security data, whereby the object is directed downstream to a screening route for further screening by the second screening device, or to a loading route for objects cleared for loading. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

A system includes a data processing system including a processor operatively coupled to a memory. The processor is configured to receive a first dataset indicative of spectral information regarding photons received from a first detector of a formation density tool. The processor is configured to receive a second dataset indicative of a total count rate of photons from a second detector of the formation density tool. The processor is configured to determine physical characteristics of a geological formation based on the spectral information and the total count rate. The processor is configured to display the physical characteristics of the geological formation in a display.

A detector assembly for use in detecting radiation includes a scintillator and a solid state photomultiplier coupled to the scintillator. The detector assembly may include a light guide connected between the scintillator and the solid state photomultiplier. The detector assembly may be used within a receiver in a logging instrument for use downhole. The receiver is configured to detect radiation produced by an emitter or from naturally occurring sources.

A detector assembly for use in detecting radiation includes a scintillator and a solid state photomultiplier coupled to the scintillator. The detector assembly may include a light guide connected between the scintillator and the solid state photomultiplier. The detector assembly may be used within a receiver in a logging instrument for use downhole. The receiver is configured to detect radiation produced by an emitter or from naturally occurring sources.

A system is disclosed for downhole logging. The system comprises a photon source configured to generate photons at different endpoint energies; at least one radiation detector configured to detect photons after interactions with a wellbore, a geological formation surrounding the wellbore, or both; an energy detection system configured to determine an endpoint energy of the photon source; and a processing system configured to determine properties of a wellbore, a geological formation, or both, based on photons detected at the at least one radiation detector and the endpoint energy determined by the energy detection system.

A gamma-ray spectrometer calibration system comprises a light guide, a photomultiplier tube, a laser, and analysis electronics. The light guide is optically coupled to the scintillation crystal, the laser and the photomultiplier tube, such that the laser can provide reference signals to the photomultiplier tube. In some embodiments, one or more temperature sensors are provided, such that the analysis electronics determine initial settings and adjust the initial settings based on the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors. Additional apparatus, methods, and systems are disclosed.

A gamma-ray spectrometer calibration system comprises a light guide, a photomultiplier tube, a laser, and analysis electronics. The light guide is optically coupled to the scintillation crystal, the laser and the photomultiplier tube, such that the laser can provide reference signals to the photomultiplier tube. In some embodiments, one or more temperature sensors are provided, such that the analysis electronics determine initial settings and adjust the initial settings based on the temperatures measured by the temperature sensors. Additional apparatus, methods, and systems are disclosed.