Example gravity gradiometers are described that utilize high precision resonant optical cavities to measure changes in gravitational forces at high sensitivities. In one example, a sensing system includes a gravity gradiometer and a controller. The gravity gradiometer includes a first mirror and a second mirror arranged to form an optical cavity having an optical axis. The controller is configured to detect, responsive to displacement of at least one of the first mirror and the second mirror along the optical axis, a change in gravity gradient.

Example gravity gradiometers are described that utilize high precision resonant optical cavities to measure changes in gravitational forces at high sensitivities. In one example, a sensing system includes a gravity gradiometer and a controller. The gravity gradiometer includes a first mirror and a second mirror arranged to form an optical cavity having an optical axis. The controller is configured to detect, responsive to displacement of at least one of the first mirror and the second mirror along the optical axis, a change in gravity gradient.

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to testing apparatus and methods for measuring forces between objects. The apparatus and methods are used to detect a change in the local gravitational constant resulting from non-Newtonian effects of General Relativity and/or a novel radial dilation influence. Detection is facilitated by measuring a force difference between a stationary state and a spinning state of attractive forces between objects. The apparatus and methods are used to detect a change in electromechanical influence of forces due to the Barnett affect and other anomalous electromagnetic force contributors. A testing apparatus includes a central target arrangement. The central target arrangement includes a pair of masses, and a target coupled to the pair of masses. The testing apparatus includes a detector configured to recognize the target, and a first rotatable mass. The first rotatable mass is supported independently of the target and the pair of target masses.

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to testing apparatus and methods for measuring forces between objects. The apparatus and methods are used to detect a change in the local gravitational constant resulting from non-Newtonian effects of General Relativity and/or a novel radial dilation influence. Detection is facilitated by measuring a force difference between a stationary state and a spinning state of attractive forces between objects. The apparatus and methods are used to detect a change in electromechanical influence of forces due to the Barnett affect and other anomalous electromagnetic force contributors. A testing apparatus includes a central target arrangement. The central target arrangement includes a pair of masses, and a target coupled to the pair of masses. The testing apparatus includes a detector configured to recognize the target, and a first rotatable mass. The first rotatable mass is supported independently of the target and the pair of target masses.

Embodiments of the present invention may be generally related to methods, devices, and systems which measure a gravitational field. The methods and devices may utilize an interferometer to measure tilt of a pendulum, where the tilt of the pendulum is due to a gravitational force associated with a target object. In some embodiments, the interferometer may be a displaced, even parity, Sagnac interferometer. Additionally, the interferometer may be operated in the inverse weak value domain. In some embodiments, the pendulum and interferometric readout may measure relative gravitational fields that are transverse to Earth's gravitational field. In at least some embodiments, methods and devices may have shot noise limited sensitivity sufficient to detect one kilogram 25 meters away and may have a 1 nGal resolution after mere seconds of integration. Embodiments disclosed may be used to gravitationally map density fluctuations in a target object, including the human body.

Embodiments of the present invention may be generally related to methods, devices, and systems which measure a gravitational field. The methods and devices may utilize an interferometer to measure tilt of a pendulum, where the tilt of the pendulum is due to a gravitational force associated with a target object. In some embodiments, the interferometer may be a displaced, even parity, Sagnac interferometer. Additionally, the interferometer may be operated in the inverse weak value domain. In some embodiments, the pendulum and interferometric readout may measure relative gravitational fields that are transverse to Earth's gravitational field. In at least some embodiments, methods and devices may have shot noise limited sensitivity sufficient to detect one kilogram 25 meters away and may have a 1 nGal resolution after mere seconds of integration. Embodiments disclosed may be used to gravitationally map density fluctuations in a target object, including the human body.

Example gravity gradiometers are described that utilize high precision resonant optical cavities to measure changes in gravitational forces at high sensitivities. In one example, a sensing system includes a gravity gradiometer and a controller. The gravity gradiometer includes a first mirror and a second mirror arranged to form an optical cavity having an optical axis. The controller is configured to detect, responsive to displacement of at least one of the first mirror and the second mirror along the optical axis, a change in gravity gradient.

Methods of scanning an object using a pendulum gravimeter are disclosed. The pendulum gravimeter may include an interferometer, such as a Sagnac interferometer, to determine a displacement on the pendulum by way of a mirror attached to the pendulum. Scanning of the object may be performed in 1D, 2D, or 3D, and may result in an image of the object. In another aspect, a mass may be tracked while in motion using a pendulum gravimeter to detect the gravitational attraction of the object.

Methods of scanning an object using a pendulum gravimeter are disclosed. The pendulum gravimeter may include an interferometer, such as a Sagnac interferometer, to determine a displacement on the pendulum by way of a mirror attached to the pendulum. Scanning of the object may be performed in 1D, 2D, or 3D, and may result in an image of the object. In another aspect, a mass may be tracked while in motion using a pendulum gravimeter to detect the gravitational attraction of the object.

Embodiments of the present invention may be generally related to methods, devices, and systems which measure a gravitational field. The methods and devices may utilize an interferometer to measure tilt of a pendulum, where the tilt of the pendulum is due to a gravitational force associated with a target object. In some embodiments, the interferometer may be a displaced, even parity, Sagnac interferometer. Additionally, the interferometer may be operated in the inverse weak value domain. In some embodiments, the pendulum and interferometric readout may measure relative gravitational fields that are transverse to Earth's gravitational field. In at least some embodiments, methods and devices may have shot noise limited sensitivity sufficient to detect one kilogram 25 meters away and may have a 1 nGal resolution after mere seconds of integration. Embodiments disclosed may be used to gravitationally map density fluctuations in a target object, including the human body.