A method of assembling an adjustable fluid-filled lens assembly comprising biaxially tensioning an elastomeric membrane to a surface tension of greater than 180 N/m, typically greater than 1000 N/m; thermally conditioning the tensioned membrane, e.g., for one hour at a temperature of about 80° C., to accelerate relaxation of the membrane; mounting the membrane to a peripheral support structure whilst maintaining the tension in the membrane; assembling the mounted membrane with one or more other components to form an enclosure with the membrane forming one wall of the enclosure; and thereafter filling the enclosure with a fluid. The membrane may be formed from an aromatic polyurethane, and the fluid may be a phenylated siloxane. In some embodiments, the membrane is able to hold a substantially constant surface tension of at least 180 N/m for a period of at least 12 months.

The present invention is directed to an optical device for augmented reality using total internal reflection, the optical device including: an optical means for transmitting at least part of real object image light toward the pupil of an eye of a user; wherein a total internal reflection space configured to transfer augmented reality image light, output from an image output unit, toward the pupil of the eye of the user is formed inside the optical means; and wherein the total internal reflection space is filled with a medium having an index of refraction lower than the index of refraction of the optical means, and the augmented reality image light transferred to the total internal reflection space through the inside of the optical means is reflected by total internal reflection on the total internal reflection space and then transferred toward the pupil of the eye of the user.

An apparatus for electromagnetic characterisation of internal features of an object, including a lens for placement between a source of electromagnetic energy and the object, the lens being composed of a first material having a first permittivity with openings therein containing or configured to receive one or more second materials having respective second permittivities different to the first permittivity, the openings being configured such that, when the openings contain the one or more second materials, the lens has a graded refractive index wherein an electromagnetic wave generated by the source and incident upon a first surface of the lens as a spherical wave exits a second surface of the lens in contact with a receiving surface of the object substantially as a plane wave, and a refractive index of the lens at the second surface of the lens substantially matches a refractive index of the object at the receiving surface to increase penetration of the plane wave into the object.

The invented optical chamber is sealed and encapsulated by a transparent element, a connection element and a transparent substrate or another transparent element. The optical chamber is filled with a transparent fluid and equipped with an electronic sensing and execution component. The surface state, the position and the inclination of the optical chamber are adjusted by the electronic sensing and execution component or through a movable part of the connection element, thereby adjusting the output direction and the focal length of the light beam. The optical chambers are combined in series or in array to constitute an operational solar concentrator adapted to output more than one controlled convergent light beam or a directional light beam to support various light energy applications, such as long-distance lighting, heating, light energy and signal transmission, increased electric energy production, and weather control. The invention is provided to adjust the internal temperature and pressure to adapt to extremely high power and extreme environments. Biotechnology is useful for obtaining the same structure and function.

An optical member includes a light source, a first substrate to be a light guide that guides emitted light from the light source, a variable layer in contact with a predetermined surface of the first substrate, and a second substrate facing the first substrate via the variable layer. When a refractive index of the first substrate is n1, a refractive index of the variable layer can be changed to n2 or n3 (where n2>n3), and n1, n2, and n3 satisfy a relationship of |n1−n2|<|n1−n3|.

An optical component has: a planar liquid layer; and one or more light sources arranged such that light is guided to the planar liquid layer; wherein the liquid layer is configured to guide light.

Systems, devices, and methods for presenting information in the sky using drones are disclosed. The presentation of information includes navigating one or more drones to locations in the sky where the locations are associated with an image, emitting light signals at the locations, capturing the light signals with a user device, processing the captured signals to identify the image, capturing a background image including at least one of the locations associated with the image, and presenting simultaneously, on the user device, the identified image and the background image.

A liquid lens architecture includes a transparent substrate, a multilayer thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based membrane overlying at least a portion of the transparent substrate, and a liquid layer disposed between and abutting the transparent substrate and the multilayer thermoplastic polyurethane-based membrane. The TPU-based membrane may exhibit a reversible elastic response to imposed strains of up to approximately 2% and is configured to limit the transpiration of fluid to less than approximately 10.sup.−2 g/m.sup.2/day.

A liquid lens architecture includes a transparent substrate, a multilayer thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based membrane overlying at least a portion of the transparent substrate, and a liquid layer disposed between and abutting the transparent substrate and the multilayer thermoplastic polyurethane-based membrane. The TPU-based membrane may exhibit a reversible elastic response to imposed strains of up to approximately 2% and is configured to limit the transpiration of fluid to less than approximately 10.sup.−2 g/m.sup.2/day.

A liquid lens fluid composition includes a polyphenyl ether molecule having from 2 to 7 aromatic rings, where the rings include ortho substitutions, meta substitutions, or a combination of ortho, meta, and para substitutions. Inter-ring linkages may include sulfur or oxygen. The liquid lens fluid composition may be characterized by a refractive index over the visible spectrum of at least 1.4, a viscosity at room temperature of less than approximately 1000 cP, and a freezing point of less than approximately −10° C.