An objective lens and condenser lens for an X-ray tube with an objective lens inner core, an inner objective lens coil arranged thereon and an objective lens outer core arranged around it. An outer objective lens coil is arranged between inner objective lens coil and objective lens outer core, wherein the outer objective lens coil has two objective lens wire sections with the same number of turns. The condenser lens includes a condenser lens inner core, an inner condenser lens coil arranged on the condenser lens inner core and a condenser lens outer core arranged around the inner condenser lens coil, wherein an outer condenser lens coil is arranged between the inner condenser lens coil and the condenser lens outer core, wherein the outer condenser lens coil has two condenser lens wire sections with the same number of turns.

An optical element includes a first condensing lens and a plurality of second condensing lenses. The optical element is disposed so as to face an end of an optical fiber. The optical fiber includes a core, a first cladding located around the core, and a second cladding located around the first cladding. The first condensing lens is disposed at a position corresponding to the core. The second condensing lenses are disposed around the first condensing lens at positions corresponding to the first cladding.

A device for converting electromagnetic radiation into electricity comprises an expander that includes a conical shape having an axis and a curved surface that is configured to reflect electromagnetic radiation away from the axis to expand a beam of the electromagnetic radiation; and one or more energy conversion components configured to receive a beam of electromagnetic radiation expanded by the expander, and to generate electricity from the expanded beam of electromagnetic radiation. With the expander's curved surface, a beam of electromagnetic radiation that is highly concentratedhas a large radiation fluxmay be converted into a beam that has a larger cross-sectional area. Moreover, one can configure, if desired, the curved surface to provide a substantially uniform distribution of radiation across the expanded cross-sectional area. With such an expanded beam the one or more energy conversion components can efficiently convert some of the electromagnetic radiation into electricity.

An optic has a freeform optical surface transforming incident light emitted by a spatially extended light source into a constellation of images of the spatially extended light source. The images in the constellation are mixed to form a target illumination pattern having a sharp-edge at least along a portion of a boundary. The images include a focused image, and an edge of the focused image participates in forming the sharp-edged boundary the target illumination pattern.

A disc-type concentrator comprises a disc rack vertical post, a disc rack, a rotating shaft, a rotating reflection mirror, a power driving device, and a control system. The rotating shaft is arranged on the disc rack and rotatably connected with the disc rack. The rotating reflection mirror is arranged on a side of the rotating shaft and fixedly connected with the rotating shaft. The power driving device is arranged on the disc rack or on the back surface of the rotating reflection mirror and driving the rotating reflection mirror to rotate. The control system is connected with the power driving device and controlling the working state of the power driving device.

A method for calculating the surfaces of optical lenses including the steps of: providing a desired light distribution to be generated with light passing through the lens; deforming a first surface of the lens to generate light source images of different sizes; deforming a second surface of the lens to displace the light source images such that they lie at their highest point directly at or on a light/dark border in a resulting light distribution; determining a quality of the resulting light distribution by a comparison with the predefined light distribution; if the quality lies above a predefined limit value, storing the calculated surfaces for the lens; otherwise, renewed deformation of the first surface; renewed deformation of the second surface; repeating the previous two steps until the quality of the resulting light distribution lies above the limit value; and storing the calculated surfaces for the lens.

A device for converting electromagnetic radiation into electricity comprises an expander that includes a conical shape having an axis and a curved surface that is configured to reflect electromagnetic radiation away from the axis to expand a beam of the electromagnetic radiation; and one or more energy conversion components configured to receive a beam of electromagnetic radiation expanded by the expander, and to generate electricity from the expanded beam of electromagnetic radiation. With the expander's curved surface, a beam of electromagnetic radiation that is highly concentratedhas a large radiation fluxmay be converted into a beam that has a larger cross-sectional area. Moreover, one can configure, if desired, the curved surface to provide a substantially uniform distribution of radiation across the expanded cross-sectional area. With such an expanded beam the one or more energy conversion components can efficiently convert some of the electromagnetic radiation into electricity.

A device for converting electromagnetic radiation (e.g., nonuniform laser light) into electricity comprises an expander that includes a conical shape having an axis and a curved surface that is configured to reflect electromagnetic radiation away from the axis to expand a beam of the electromagnetic radiation; and one or more energy conversion components configured to receive a beam of electromagnetic radiation expanded by the expander, and to generate electricity from the expanded beam of electromagnetic radiation. With the expander's curved surface, a beam of electromagnetic radiation that is highly concentratedhas a large radiation fluxmay be converted into a beam that has a larger cross-sectional area. Moreover, one can configure, if desired, the curved surface to provide a substantially uniform distribution of radiation across the expanded cross-sectional area. With such an expanded beam the one or more energy conversion components can efficiently convert the electromagnetic radiation into electricity.

A light source device includes a condensing lens, a laser light source, a first anti-reflection film, and a second anti-reflection film. The condensing lens has a curved surface. The laser light source includes a plurality of laser elements configured to emit laser beams incident on different regions of the curved surface of the condensing lens. The first anti-reflection film and the second anti-reflection film are disposed in different regions of the curved surface. The first anti-reflection film has a reflectance characteristic different from a reflectance characteristic of the second anti-reflection film.