A protective window includes a flexible base film and a hard coating layer disposed on the flexible base film. The hard coating layer includes a silicone leveling agent and an inorganic antistatic agent. The coating layer includes an upper area and a lower area disposed between the upper area and the flexible base film, and a density of the inorganic antistatic agent in the lower area is greater than a density of the inorganic antistatic agent in the upper area.

An embodiment of a camera module includes a holder configured such that the upper and lower portions of the holder are open and such that a first hole and a second hole, opposite to the first hole, are formed in the side surface of the holder, a first lens unit coupled to the upper portion of the holder, a second lens unit coupled to the lower portion of the holder, and a liquid lens disposed in the first hole and the second hole of the holder between the first lens unit and the second lens unit, the liquid lens protruding outward from the side surface of the holder, wherein at least a portion of the liquid lens may be spaced apart from the inner surface of the holder.

A laminated diffractive optical element includes a first resin layer having a first lattice shape and a second resin layer having a second lattice shape. The first resin layer and the second resin layer are laminated in this order on a first substrate so that the lattice shapes oppose each other. The first resin layer contains a resin and transparent conductive particles. The transparent conductive particles have an average particle size of 1 nm to 100 nm. A ratio of a polymer of an energy curable resin raw material having a long diameter of 1 μm to 10 μm in the first resin layer is 70 pieces/mm.sup.3 or less.

An embodiment of a camera module includes a holder configured such that the upper and lower portions of the holder are open and such that a first hole and a second hole, opposite to the first hole, are formed in the side surface of the holder, a first lens unit coupled to the upper portion of the holder, a second lens unit coupled to the lower portion of the holder, and a liquid lens disposed in the first hole and the second hole of the holder between the first lens unit and the second lens unit, the liquid lens protruding outward from the side surface of the holder, wherein at least a portion of the liquid lens may be spaced apart from the inner surface of the holder.

A lens module includes a printed circuit board; a lens mounted on one side of the printed circuit board, and a shielding cover. The shielding cover comprises a cavity. A part of the printed circuit board and a part of the lens are received in the cavity of the shielding cover. The disclosure also relates to an electronic device using the lens module. The lens module can filter the magnetic interference of the external signal and facilitate heat generated by the lens module dissipate outside.

There are provided a transparent conductive film, as well as a heater, a touch panel, a solar battery, an organic EL device, a liquid crystal device, and an electronic paper that are provided with the transparent conductive film, the transparent conductive film being capable of easing a decline in optical transmittance when graphene is laminated, and of achieving optical transmittance higher than an upper limit of optical transmittance of a single layer of graphene. The transparent conductive film includes a single-layered conductive graphene sheet. The single-layered conductive graphene sheet includes a first region and a second region, the first region being configured of graphene, and the second region being surrounded by the first region and having optical transmittance that is higher than optical transmittance of the first region.

A laminated diffractive optical element includes a first resin layer having a first lattice shape and a second resin layer having a second lattice shape. The first resin layer and the second resin layer are laminated in this order on a first substrate so that the lattice shapes oppose each other. The first resin layer contains a resin and transparent conductive particles. The transparent conductive particles have an average particle size of 1 nm to 100 nm. A ratio of a polymer of an energy curable resin raw material having a long diameter of 1 μm to 10 μm in the first resin layer is 70 pieces/mm.sup.3 or less.

A device for shielding a sub-wavelength-scale object from an electromagnetic wave incident on the device. The device includes a layer of dielectric material, a surface of which has a change of level forming a step. The step is in contact with a medium having a refractive index that is lower than a refractive index of the dielectric material. The sub-wavelength-scale object is located within the device in a quiet zone where an electromagnetic field intensity is below a threshold, the quiet zone extending above said surface, in a vicinity of the step, in a direction of incidence of said incident electromagnetic wave.

A backlight module and a display device are provided. The backlight module includes a reflector, a light guide plate, and a frame disposed around the light guide plate. The backlight module further includes at least one electrically conductive film.

An optical module for protecting human eyes includes a first support element, first conductive paths, a lens, at least one second conductive path, and a light-emitting element. The first support element has a bottom plate and a sidewall on the bottom plate. The first conductive paths are in the first support element or outside the first support element. Each of the first conductive paths has a first end adjacent to a top surface of the sidewall and a second end adjacent to the bottom plate. The lens is located on the top surface of the sidewall. The second conductive path is electrically connected to the first ends of the first conductive paths. The light-emitting element is located on the bottom plate of the first support element. When a resistance difference is detected through the first and second conductive paths, the light-emitting element is switched off.