An illuminator usable for illuminating a display panel is disclosed. The illuminator uses a pupil-replicating waveguide to expand a pair of light beams propagating in the waveguide. The light beams may be coupled at a same edge and/or at opposite edges of the waveguide, and are configured to fill each other's dark spots between out-coupled beam portions of the light beams. To improve the illumination uniformity, the two light beams may be orthogonally polarized, and the out-coupling grating strength may be spatially varied along the waveguide.

A display uses a projector to project an image onto a holographic diffuser. The holographic diffuser scatters light of the projected image to at least one holographic element having optical power, which forms an image in angular domain for a direct observation by a user. The holographic diffuser and the holographic optical element, such as a freeform lens or a reflector, may be disposed on a transparent substrate in which the image light propagates. The architecture that immerses a display (HOE diffuser) and the eyepiece lens into the substrate may reduce the form factor of the system compared to the VR headset architecture, while being suitable for operation in AR configuration.

Display devices include waveguides with metasurfaces as in-coupling and/or out-coupling optical elements. The metasurfaces may be formed on a surface of the waveguide and may include a plurality or an array of sub-wavelength-scale (e.g., nanometer-scale) protrusions. Individual protrusions may include horizontal and/or vertical layers of different materials which may have different refractive indices, allowing for enhanced manipulation of light redirecting properties of the metasurface. Some configurations and combinations of materials may advantageously allow for broadband metasurfaces. Manufacturing methods described herein provide for vertical and/or horizontal layers of different materials in a desired configuration or profile.

There is provided an optical device, including an input aperture, an output aperture, at least first and second light-transmitting substrates each having two major surfaces and edges, an input surface for coupling light waves into the substrate for effecting total internal reflection inside the substrate, and an output surface for coupling light waves out of the substrate, a major surface of the first substrate is attached to a major surface of the second substrate and the input surface of the first substrate is a partially reflecting surface, such that part of the light waves passing through the input aperture is partially reflected by the partially reflecting input surface and coupled into the first substrate and another part passes through the partially reflecting input surface and is coupled by the input surface of the second substrate into the second substrate.

An imaging lens includes first, second, third, fourth, fifth and six lens elements arranged in order from an object side to an image side along an optical axis. Each of the lens element has a thickness along the optical axis. Two of thicknesses of the first to the fourth lens elements along the optical axis are the thickest and the second thickest among the abovementioned six lens elements, respectively.

An electronic device, while the electronic device is worn over a predefined portion of the user's body, displays, via a display generation component arranged on the electronic device opposite the predefined portion of the user's body, a graphical representation of an exterior view of a body part that corresponds to the predefined portion of the user's body. The electronic device detects a change in position of the electronic device with respect to the predefined portion of the user's body. The electronic device, in response to detecting the change in the position of the electronic device with respect to the predefined portion of the user's body, modifies the graphical representation of the exterior view of the body part that corresponds to predefined portion of the user's body in accordance with the detected change in position of the electronic device with respect to the predefined portion of the user's body.

The present disclosure discloses an optical imaging lens assembly including, sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, a first lens having refractive power; a second lens having refractive power; a third lens having negative refractive power; a fourth lens having refractive power and a convex object-side surface; a fifth lens having refractive power and a concave object-side surface; a sixth lens having refractive power; a seventh lens having refractive power; and an eighth lens having refractive power. A total effective focal length f of the optical imaging lens assembly and half of a maximal field-of-view Semi-FOV of the optical imaging lens assembly satisfy: f*tan(Semi-FOV)>5.5 mm. A total effective focal length f of the optical imaging lens assembly and an effective focal length f1 of the first lens satisfy: 0.5<f/f1<1.5.

A near eye optical display includes a waveguide comprising a first surface and a second surface, an input coupler, a fold grating, and an output grating. The input coupler is configured to receive collimated light from a display source and to cause the light to travel within the waveguide via total internal reflection between the first surface and the second surface to the fold grating; the fold grating is configured to provide pupil expansion in a first direction and to direct the light to the output grating via total internal reflection between the first surface and the second surface; and the output grating is configured to provide pupil expansion in a second direction different than the first direction and to cause the light to exit the waveguide from the first surface or the second surface.

An optical element includes a light guide plate, an incidence portion, and an emission portion, in which each of the incidence portion and the emission portion includes diffraction portions, the diffraction portion includes diffraction elements, the diffraction element includes a liquid crystal diffraction layer in which a direction of an optical axis of a liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating in one in-plane direction, and in a case where the direction in which the direction of the optical axis changes is set as an in-plane rotation direction and a length over which the optical axis rotates by 180° is set as an in-plane period, in-plane rotation directions of liquid crystal diffraction layers of incidence diffraction elements in at least two of a plurality of the incidence diffraction portions are different from each other.

A light guide includes: a light guide board configured to allow light incident on an optical entrance to propagate through the light guide board, the light guide board including: the optical entrance; a first face; and at least one partial reflection layer within the light guide board and tilted to the first face. The at least one partial reflection layer is configured to reflect a part of light incident on the at least one partial reflection layer at an incident angle of greater than or equal to a critical angle θ.sub.r to allow the reflected light to exit the light guide board through the first surface while transmitting therethrough a remainder of the light incident on the at least one partial reflection layer. Formula below is satisfied: θ.sub.r=sin.sup.−1(n.sub.2/n.sub.1) where θ.sub.r is the critical angle; n.sub.1 is a refractive index of the light guide board; and n.sub.2 is a refractive index of the at least one partial reflection layer.